Sentences
and
Fragments
Writing is all about communication. We want to write in a way that makes it easy for our reader to understand us. Grammar rules show us how to write more clearly. Clear, well-written sentences are the best way to help our reader to understand exactly what we are trying to communicate.*
A complete sentence needs:
1) a subject
2) a verb
3) a complete thought
If a sentence is missing any of these components, it is incomplete. An incomplete sentence is called a fragment. Let's look at some examples.
1) a subject - the person, place, or thing a sentence is about
Fragment: Typed up her notes.
This is a fragment because there is no subject. We don't know who typed up her notes.
Correction: Susana typed up her notes.
2) a verb - what the subject is doing.
Fragment: The computer in the main office.
This is a fragment because there is no verb.
Correction: The computer in the main office crashed several times.
Verbs can be action verbs (eat, drink, study, think, etc. - basically any word we can add "ing" to.)
Verbs can also be linking verbs that show a state of being and "link" to another word in the sentence. For example:
Elena was happy to see her family. "Was" is the linking verb that links Elena to "happy" - a state of being.
Jose is a teacher. "Is" links Jose to "teacher" and tells us more about Jose and his state of being a teacher.
3) a complete thought - The reader should not be left asking questions.
Fragment: When she lost her work.
This is a fragment because we're left asking, "What happened when she lost her work?" The thought is not complete.
Correction: Ms. Bennet was very frustrated when she lost her job.
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TASC Test Tip: It's easy to make fragments in our writing because we often use fragments in conversations. However, clear writing is very different from the way we would express ourselves when we talk. Check your writing carefully to make sure your sentences are complete. Ask yourself the following questions:
What is the subject of this sentence?
What is the verb?
Does the sentence have a complete thought, or does it need additional information to make sense?
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For additional lessons and exercises on sentences and fragments, click on the links below:
Additional lesson on sentences and fragments.
Lesson on sentences, fragments, and run-on sentences
Sentence versus fragment slide show
Video on fragments and sentences
* From New TASC: Strategies, Practice, and Review 2014. Kaplan Publishing.