On September 12, 1740, Jose Diaz was listed as the Garrison boticario (Apothecary) in San Agustin. His assignment was to provide medicines for the soldiers and sailors stationed here.
Medicines were hard to come by, so herbs were obtained from Native Americans. Diaz had to ship some herbs from Spain or Cuba, which was expensive. His income was supplemented by treating locals and providing the Medico (Doctor) and Cirujano (Surgeon) with medical supplies.
Herbal medicines might be tinctures, extracts, syrups, ointments, oils, poultices, or pills. The boticario was skilled in the preparation of each.
Among the applications of herbs, many still practiced today:
Lavender - Pains of the head, falling sickness, dropsy, convulsions, fainting colic, and aids sleep.
Basil - Draws poison to place bitten by venomous beasts, wasp or hornet.
Mint (Tea) - Stomach aches, insomnia, anxiety, and dizziness. Applied to the forehead and temples to ease pains in the head, stops vomiting, used for the bite of a mad dog, takes away roughness of the tongue by rubbing with leaves.
Sage - Provokes urine, stays bleeding of wounds, cleans ulcers and sores, helps with falling sickness, dull and heavy of spirit and palsy.
Garlic - Mad dog bites, venomous creature bites, kills worms in children, remedy for plague, sore or foul ulcers, ear infections, falling sickness, cramps, takes away spots or blemishes on the skin.
Rose (Leaves/tea) - A purging agent, regulates bowels, very good for headache, pains in the eyes, ears, throat and gums. Honey of roses used in gargles, lotion to wash sores in the mouth, throat or other parts.
Parsley - Bruised leaves used for contusions, diuretic.
Tobacco - Powdered leaves kills lice, eases rheumatic pains. Smoked leaves kill worms.
Onion - Juice kills worms, lethargy, scalds, burns, coughs (syrup) asthma, bronchitis.
Thyme - Kills worms, gout, improves appetite.
Licorice Root - Small amount breaks up congestion, large amount used as a laxative.
Oregano - Sooths coughs, aids digestion.
Rosemary - Tea for cold diseases of the head, stomach, liver and belly. Improves memory, loss of speech, relieves pain in the gums and teeth, quickens senses, dried and smoked in a pipe for coughs.
Bay Leaves - Kills and expels worms.