Timeline excerpts from the British Period through 19th century, from Important Historical Events for the Nation's Oldest City, compiled by Historical Society Director Susan R. Parker, Ph.D. Read the complete timeline through 2011 here.
1776-83 American Revolution-East Florida remains loyal to British crown. St. Augustine fills with refugees from the rebelling colonies
1777 Six hundred Menorcans, Greeks and Italians relocate to St. Augustine from New Smyrna plantation.
1783-84 Second Treaty of Paris, ending the American Revolution, returns Florida to Spain. Majority of East Florida's British residents leave, but many remain.
1792 Construction begins on new Roman Catholic parish church for St. Augustine (now the Cathedral Basilica of St. Augustine).
1813 Public square renamed Plaza de la Constitución to commemorate Spain's Constitution of 1812. Monument to Spanish Constitution completed in Jan. 1814.
1821 East and West Florida join the United States as a single U.S. territory.
1823 Treaty of Moultrie Creek signed near St. Augustine; Seminoles agree to relocate to central Florida.
1825 Castillo de San Marcos is renamed Fort Marion for Revolutionary War hero Francis Marion.
1835 Second Seminole War begins. Old Spanish-period defense works are reinforced. Rural residents flee to St. Augustine. U.S. Army and volunteers arrive in Florida and St. Augustine
1837 Osceola and other Seminoles are captured and imprisoned in Fort Marion.
1842 U.S. Army declares Second Seminole War is ended. Some Seminoles remain in south Florida.
1845 Florida becomes 27th state.
1847-53 Father Félix Varela, called "the founder of Cuban nationalism," returns to live in St. Augustine, his boyhood home, until his death.
1861 Civil War begins. Florida secedes from United States on January 10. St. Augustine's local militia had already taken over Fort Marion on Jan. 7.
1862 St. Augustine surrenders peacefully to U.S. forces and remains under Union control throughout Civil War.
1865 Civil War ends.
1866 Roman Catholic Sisters of St. Joseph arrive from France and open schools for freedmen and for white and black children.
1870 Catholic Diocese of St. Augustine is established; Augustin Verot is first bishop.
1872 Free Public Library is established on Aviles Street.
1874 Current lighthouse completed.
1875-78 Indians from the Kiowa, Comanche, Cheyenne, Caddo and Arapaho tribes are imprisoned in Fort Marion.
1883 St. Augustine Historical Society is founded.
1883 Railroad service arrives in St. Augustine, connecting city with points north.
1884 Standard Oil magnate Henry Morrison Flagler visits St. Augustine for first time.
1885 Florida School for the Deaf and the Blind opens.
1886-87 Apache Indians are imprisoned in Fort Marion.
1888 Ponce de Leon Hotel opens, built by Henry M. Flagler.
Image: Hotel Ponce de Leon, opened in 1888