Members of the Iowa Department of Education's Assessment Task Force have recommended on November 4, 2014, that Iowa lawmakers adopt the Smarter Balanced Assessments as Iowa's new state test for public and accredited nonpublic schools starting with the 2016-17 school year.  Iowa students are currently required to complete Iowa Assessments in grades 3-8 and 11 in math and reading to meet state and federal accountability laws. The Iowa Assessments (formerly Iowa Tests of Basic Skills and Iowa Tests of Educational Development) are developed by Iowa Testing Programs at the University of Iowa and used for various purposes in other states as well.

Why Do We Need New Assessments?

"The Iowa Department of Education released a report in October, 2013, that was commissioned in March, 2013, to align the Iowa Assessments, Form E, to the Iowa Core/Common Core State Standards in Reading and Mathematics. The study compared Form E to a set of standards that were not used to develop Form E." (Source: Iowa Testing Programs)  Yes, you read that right: Our current state standards were not used to develop our current state accountability assessment!  The Iowa Department of Education commissioned a study to "determine the level of alignment between our Iowa Core standards and the reading and math portions of the Iowa Assessments in grades 3-8, 10 and 11."  The nearly two-hundred-page report released in October, 2013, suggests it varies greatly by grade level ranging from under 50% to 100%.  To be fair, Iowa Testing Programs' response questions the study's methodology while acknowledging Form E was not designed to assess our current state standards.  In summary, Iowa school districts are currently in a predicament: we are required to teach state standards while being held accountable via assessments that were not designed to accurately measure the required standards.  

The Smarter Balanced Assessment system, initially designed to align with the Common Core ELA and math standards in grades 3-8 and 11, "includes both summative assessments for accountability purposes and optional interim assessments for instructional use" and "will use computer adaptive testing technologies to the greatest extent possible to provide meaningful feedback and actionable data that teachers and other educators can use to help students succeed." Smarter Balanced is one of two national assessments being developed to assess students on the common core. (The Partnership for Assessment of Readiness for College and Careers (PARCC) is the competing assessment group some states have voluntarily joined.)  In addition to selected response (multiple choice) items, students will complete technology-enhanced items, constructed response items (non-multiple choice), and performance tasks.  Sample Smarter Balanced items and performance tasks are available online and the first operational testing in other states will begin in Spring, 2015.

Nostalgia and Economic Impact: First Reaction of Matt Townsley

When I first read about the task force's recommendation I was a bit surprised.  I remember taking the Iowa Tests of Basic Skills as a third-grade student at South Elementary.  We had to prop special folders up on our desk to ensure classmates in our pod would not be able to see our answers.  We were required to use #2 pencils and to do our best filling in the bubbles as neatly as possible.  In a way, the Iowa Tests are as much a part of our state as attending the Iowa State Fair or picking up sweet corn in August along the road from a local farmer.   The Iowa Assessments are written by Iowans and administered to Iowa students annually.  Without a doubt, losing this contract would be a negative blow to Iowa Testing Programs at the University of Iowa and an economic hit to Iowa's Creative Corridor.  Like the Iowa Assessments or not, it may be hard for some Iowa educators to imagine administering an assessment that does not include the infamous introduction,

"You are now going to take a vocabulary test. Please find the section for Vocabulary on page 3 of your answer document. (Pause). Now turn to page 1 in your test booklet. Please read the directions for this test silently while I read them aloud."

Oh, those were the days of sharpening #2 pencils and watching the clock closely to count down the remaining time left for each test!

Implications for Iowa School Leaders

Nostalgia aside, school leaders should seriously begin thinking through some of the implications adopting the Smarter Balanced Assessments might have on their buildings/districts. A number of Iowa schools piloted the Smarter Balanced Assessments during the 2013-14 school year; however, my understanding is that none of these buildings administered the entire battery of tests.  If Iowa legislators require the Smarter Balanced Assessments during the upcoming legislative session, several implementation questions come to mind for school leaders to consider:

• What assessments will students in grades 5, 8 and 11 complete in order to meet Iowa's statewide science assessment requirement?  (Will we continue with the Iowa Assessments?  What about social studies, even though it is not required?)
• How will student "growth" be measured using the Iowa Assessments (past) and Smarter Balanced Assessments (future)?  We will be transitioning from "Not Proficient, Proficient and Highly Proficient" to Smarter Balanced Assessments' four achievement levels.
• Because the Smarter Balanced Assessments will all eventually be administered online, what type of technology infrastructure (e.g., number of devices, bandwidth) will be needed?
• Will adequate funding be appropriated to school districts to purchase the Smarter Balanced Assessments?  The full suite of summative and interim assessments and the Digital Library on formative assessment is estimated to cost $27.30 per student.  This is compared to less than $10.00 per Iowa student for the Iowa Assessments.
• Because the Smarter Balanced Assessments must be administered during a twelve week window at the end of the school year, how will this impact schools who are used to administering the Iowa Assessments during the fall or midyear?
• How will schools realistically plan test schedules when the assessment is untimed? (Source pdf)
• Given the Smarter Balanced Assessments only measure the Common Core Standards and Iowa has added several additional standards to create the Iowa Core Essential Concepts and Skills, would this transition de-value our state's added standards?

• How might any changes recommended by state standards task forces
   during the next several years align (or not) with the required state assessments?

Finally, school leaders should keep in mind this change would not take place until 2016-17 at the earliest and is now in the hands of our state's elected officials.  Iowa initially joined the Smarter Balanced Consortium several years ago and then later withdrew as a governing state

Matt Townsley serves as Director of Instruction and Technology in the Solon Community School District.  He is a member of Iowa ASCD and was selected as a 2014-2016 Emerging Leader of ASCD.  

• Fostering and leading a culture of collaboration and digital citizenship
• Transitioning schools and families to high-speed connectivity
• Empowering educators with professional learning opportunities
• Accelerating progress toward universal access to quality devices
• Providing access to quality digital content
• Creating access, equity, and excellence - particularly in rural, remote, and low-income districts
• Offering digital tools to students and families to help them prepare for success in college
• Sharing best practices and mentoring other districts in the transition to digital learning

In this updated 2nd edition of the ASCD best-seller, Douglas Fisher and Nancy Frey dig deeper into the hows and whys of the gradual release of responsibility instructional framework. To gradually release responsibility is to equip students with what they need to be engaged and self-directed learners. On a day-to-day level, it means delivering lessons purposefully planned to incorporate four essential and interrelated instructional phases:

1. Focused Instruction:
   Preparing students for learning by establishing lesson purpose, modeling strategies and skills, thinking aloud, and noticing how students respond.
2. Guided Instruction:
   Strategically using prompts, cues, and questions to lead students to new understanding.
3. Collaborative Learning:
   Allowing students to consolidate their understanding through exploration, problem-solving, discussion, and thinking with their peers.
4. Independent Learning:
   Requiring students to use the skills and knowledge they've acquired to create authentic products and ask new questions.

•  Get familiar with the Iowa ASCD website - there are resources just for you!
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