Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a common disorder that affects the large intestine (colon). As many as 1 in 5 American adults has signs and symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome but fewer than half seek medical help. Women are affected two times more often than men and symptoms occur before the age of 35 in about half of the people who develop IBS.

The main symptoms of IBS include abdominal pain or cramping, gas, bloating, diarrhea and constipation (sometimes alternating) and mucus in the stool. Irritable bowel syndrome doesn't cause inflammation or changes in bowel tissue, unlike more serious intestinal diseases such as ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease. It also does not increase your risk of colorectal cancer. For most people, IBS is a chronic condition, although there will often be times when the signs and symptoms are worse and times when they improve or even disappear completely. IBS often presents with only mild signs and symptoms, however, sometimes these problems can be severe and disabling, greatly affecting quality of life.

It's not known exactly what causes irritable bowel syndrome and it likely varies according to the individual.  Some potential causative factors are thought to be: lack of beneficial bacteria in the colon (often after antibiotic use), food allergies and sensitivities, stress, poor diet and a familial tendency toward developing IBS. Studies have shown that people who have a first-degree relative, such as a parent or sibling, with IBS are at increased risk of developing the condition.

Diet plays a big role in IBS. Certain foods may aggravate symptoms, including dairy products (especially milk), chocolate, caffeine, alcohol, sugar and sometimes even fruits and vegetables. Of course any food that you have a sensitivity to can also trigger symptoms. Another aggravating factor with IBS that can trigger or worsen symptoms is stress. Most people with IBS report that their symptoms are worse during periods of high stress. That is why stress management techniques such as exercise, yoga or tai chi are often helpful in alleviating symptoms. Hormones may play a role as well, many women experience a worsening of their symptoms around the time of their menses.

Irritable bowel syndrome is typically diagnosed based on history, presenting symptoms and by ruling out other more serious conditions like ulcerative colitis, Crohn's disease, H. pylori infection or colorectal cancer. Tests and imaging such as colonoscopy, upper GI series/scope and blood tests can be done in order to make an accurate diagnosis. It is important to see your doctor if you have symptoms of IBS because serious conditions like colon cancer need to be ruled out.

Functional tests can also be helpful to guide in diagnosis and treatment. These tests are typically done through a naturopathic medical doctor who is knowledgeable about them, as they are considered "non-standard" tests. Some of these tests might include a comprehensive digestive stool analysis that evaluates breakdown and absorption of food and nutrients. It also evaluates levels of unhealthy versus beneficial bacteria in the colon and the presence of candida which can greatly affect digestive function. Another valuable test is food allergy testing which can detect which foods you are sensitive or allergic to, so that avoidance can be very specific and effective in controlling symptoms of IBS. This is done with a simple blood test. Furthermore, if the test reveals extensive food sensitivities, specific treatments can be utilized to heal the intestines and decrease the tendency to develop these sensitivities.

Treatment of irritable bowel syndrome is very individualized and is based on history, presenting symptoms and information gained from specialized tests. The primary treatment goals with IBS are: replenishing beneficial bacteria in the colon, optimizing digestive function and soothing and healing the inner lining of the intestines.

Treatment may include the use of probiotics, digestive enzymes, fiber supplements, herbs and nutrients, acupuncture, homeopathy, dietary modification and stress management techniques. It is important to get properly diagnosed by your physician and treated according to your specific needs.

If you think you might be suffering with irritable bowel syndrome make sure you discuss it with your doctor so that you can receive proper evaluation and treatment! Optimal digestion is a vital part of the foundation for good health!