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Net neutrality (also network neutrality or Internet neutrality) is the principle that Internet service providers and governments should treat all data on the Internet equally, not discriminating or charging differentially by user, content, site, platform, application, type of attached equipment, and modes of communication. The term was coined by Columbia media law professor Tim Wu in 2003 as an extension of the longstanding concept of a common carrier.
Proponents often see net neutrality as an important component of an open Internet, where policies such as equal treatment of data and open web standards allow those on the Internet to easily communicate and conduct business without interference from a third party. A "closed Internet" refers to the opposite situation, in which established corporations or governments favor certain uses. A closed Internet may have restricted access to necessary web standards, artificially degrade some services, or explicitly filter out content.
There has been extensive debate about whether net neutrality should be required by law, particularly in the United States. Debate over the issue of net neutrality predates the coining of the term. Advocates of net neutrality such as Lawrence Lessig have raised concerns about the ability of broadband providers to use their last mile infrastructure to block Internet applications and content (e.g. websites, services, and protocols), and even to block out competitors. Neutrality proponents claim that telecom companies seek to impose a tiered service model in order to control the pipeline and thereby remove competition, create artificial scarcity, and oblige subscribers to buy their otherwise uncompetitive services. Many believe net neutrality to be primarily important as a preservation of current freedoms. Vinton Cerf, co-inventor of the Internet Protocol and considered a "father of the Internet," as well as Tim Berners-Lee, creator of the Web, and many others have spoken out in favor of net neutrality. |
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QUICK TIPS
for Microsoft Outlook
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Creating an "Out-Of-Office Message
How can you create a safer out-of-office auto-reply message?
1. Be intentionally vague
Instead of saying that you will be somewhere else, say that you will be "unavailable". Unavailable could mean you are still in town or in the office taking a training class. It helps keep the bad guys from knowing where you really are.
2. Don't provide contact info
Don't give out phone numbers or e-mails. Tell them that you will be monitoring your e-mail account should they need to contact you.
3. Leave out all personal information and remove your signature block
Remember that complete strangers and possibly scammers and spammers may see your auto-reply. If you wouldn't normally give this info to strangers, don't put it in your auto-reply.
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How to use Outlook and Outlook.com together
Outlook.com is free, web-based email from Microsoft. If you have an Outlook.com account (even if it ends with @hotmail.com, @live.com, or @msn.com), you can read and send email by signing in to Outlook.com.
Outlook is the Office email app on your computer. Outlook works with Office 365, as well as with any major email provider, including Gmail and Outlook.com. You can use Outlook to send and receive Outlook.com email as well as see your calendar and contacts. In Outlook, you can
- Open emails you've already received even when you aren't connected to the internet.
- See multiple accounts in one place-not just email, but calendars and contacts, too.
- Work with other Office apps-for example, send email messages to your OneNote notebook.
You don't have to choose one or the other. You can use both-use the Outlook.com website when you can't get to your own computer, and use Outlook when you can.
The steps for adding your Outlook.com account depend on which version of Outlook you have. Here's how to add Outlook.com to Outlook 2013. (If you're using an earlier version of Outlook, see these steps for Outlook 2010 or these steps for Outlook 2007 and Outlook 2003.)
Click File > Add Account.
Then fill in the all the information. For more detailed instructions, see Add an Outlook.com or other Exchange ActiveSync mail account to Outlook.
After you add your account, you can see your Outlook.com calendar in Outlook by clicking Calendar and checking the box next your Outlook.com email address.
You can check more than one box to see multiple calendars side-by-side. To combine two calendars into one view, check the boxes for both calendars you want to see, and then click the View in Overlay Mode arrow next to the second calendar's name.
You can see your contacts by clicking People and checking the box next to your Outlook.com email address.
If you don't see the word People, Compact Navigation is turned on, and the People button looks like this:
If you want to add contacts from other accounts, see Import contacts into an Outlook.com account.
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Our team is ready
to help you!
818.501.2281
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...that if someone you
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Protect Your Computer
Courtesy of Microsoft Safety and Security Center
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How to boost your malware defense and protect your PC
Install antivirus and antispyware programs from a trusted source
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Never download anything in response to a warning from a program you didn't install or don't recognize that claims it will protect your PC or offers to remove viruses. It is highly likely to do the opposite.
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Get reputable anti-malware programs from a vendor you trust.
Use strong passwords and keep them secret
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Strong passwords are at least 14 characters long and include a combination of letters, numbers, and symbols. Learn more about how to create them.
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Don't share passwords with anyone.
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Don't use the same password on all sites. If it is stolen, all the information it protects is at risk.
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Create different strong passwords for the router and the wireless key of your wireless connection at home.
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Find out how from the company that provides your router.
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Cecile Bendavid
Professor of Computer Science - California State University Northridge and Director of New Business Development for CEO Computers.
Q.San I use a pen on any notebook computer?
A. The new Microsoft Surface Pro 3.0 has a feature that allows you to write directly on the screen.
When you click the Surface Pen, Microsoft One Note opens automatically and you can write as if you were using paper and pen.
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Windows system key combinations
- F1: Help
- CTRL+ESC: Open Start menu
- ALT+TAB: Switch between open programs
- ALT+F4: Quit program
- SHIFT+DELETE: Delete item permanently
- Windows Logo+L: Lock the computer (without using CTRL+ALT+DELETE)
Windows program key combinations
- CTRL+C: Copy
- CTRL+X: Cut
- CTRL+V: Paste
- CTRL+Z: Undo
- CTRL+B: Bold
- CTRL+U: Underline
- CTRL+I: Italic
General keyboard-only commands
- F1: Starts Windows Help
- F10: Activates menu bar options
- SHIFT+F10 Opens a shortcut menu for the selected item (this is the same as right-clicking an object
- CTRL+ESC: Opens the Start menu (use the ARROW keys to select an item)
- CTRL+ESC or ESC: Selects the Start button (press TAB to select the taskbar, or press SHIFT+F10 for a context menu)
- CTRL+SHIFT+ESC: Opens Windows Task Manager
- ALT+DOWN ARROW: Opens a drop-down list box
- ALT+TAB: Switch to another running program (hold down the ALT key and then press the TAB key to view the task-switching window)
- SHIFT: Press and hold down the SHIFT key while you insert a CD-ROM to bypass the automatic-run feature
- ALT+SPACE: Displays the main window's System menu (from the System menu, you can restore, move, resize, minimize, maximize, or close the window)
- ALT+- (ALT+hyphen): Displays the Multiple Document Interface (MDI) child window's System menu (from the MDI child window's System menu, you can restore, move, resize, minimize, maximize, or close the child window)
- CTRL+TAB: Switch to the next child window of a Multiple Document Interface (MDI) program
- ALT+underlined letter in menu: Opens the menu
- ALT+F4: Closes the current window
- CTRL+F4: Closes the current Multiple Document Interface (MDI) window
- ALT+F6: Switch between multiple windows in the same program (for example, when the Notepad Find dialog box is displayed, ALT+F6 switches between the Find dialog box and the main Notepad window)
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Why Should You Care About Net Neutrality???
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KAREN BLEIER/AFP/Getty Images)
This is a really important reason why you should care about net neutrality. The Internet, as it exists today, is an open forum for free speech and freedom of expression.
Websites publishing both popular and unpopular viewpoints are treated equally in terms of how their data gets from servers to screens.
If the FCC allows Internet service providers (ISPs) to charge extra money for access to Internet last-mile fast lanes, the playing field of free speech is no longer equal. Those with the money to pay for special treatment could broadcast their opinions more quickly and more smoothly than their opponents. Those without as many resources - activists, artists and political outsiders - could be relegated to the Internet slow lane [source: van Schewick].
If you had to choose between watching a sharp full-screen HD video broadcast or a clunking, buffering, blurry clip, which would you pick?
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