Wine can be very simple, you like it or you don't. Yet, what is it that you like or don't like, and perhaps as important, why? In an attempt to break down some of the barriers and answer questions you may have, assistant winemaker and Biology degree-holder Tyler Daniels is game to break down some general wine-related concepts, starting this month.
Understanding Wine Astringency
Wine, in a basic sense, can be broken down into two types: sweet wine and dry wine. Sweet wines contain residual sugar in order to reduce the astringency of the wine. Dry wines have little to no residual sugar to balance out the astringency and as a result give the sensation of dry. Dry wines, also known as (astringent) wines, however do not always taste the same in regards to "dryness" or astringency. Some come off much more astringent than others. One reason for these variations is increased friction do to interactions between tannins and oral proteins that contribute to the astringency of red wine (McRae, Kennedy 2349).
Red wines contain several different tannins that have been extracted during the process of winemaking, from the skins, seeds, stems, and sometimes oak barrels(McRae, Kennedy 2351). When these tannins are consumed they interact with proteins in saliva and form a small solid that precipitates in the mouth. When this happens, there is an increase in friction on the tongue which then causes increased astringent sensation. Some tannins bind to the salivary proteins more easily than others which in turn creates differences in their perceived "dryness" (McRae, Kennedy 2350).
This is just one of many factors that must be taken into account when tasting wine. Some wines that contain these tannin-protein interactions must be balanced out with sugar to make the best wine. Other more dry wines can take advantage of this interaction along with many others to increase the overall astringency of the wine. In the end, wine making and wine tasting can enjoyed more with a better understanding of what makes a wine astringent
References:
Mcrae, Jacqui M., and James A. Kennedy. "Wine and Grape Tannin Interactions with Salivary Proteins and Their Impact on Astringency: A Review of Current Research." Molecules 16.3 (2011): 2348-364. Web
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