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Torah Study for the Soul:
Selections from Birkat Avraham: 4 BA Vayera
Peshat | Drash | Remez | Sod
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Register for 5773 Text Study
Birkat Avraham
Join rabbis, cantors and leaders across the country and across denominations in - TORAH STUDY FOR THE SOUL: A CONTEMPLATIVE PERSPECTIVE FROM HASIDIC TEXTS 5773: Birkat AvrahamCost for the year: $240 Welcome to the Torah Study for Your Soul, contemplative study of Hasidic texts. This week we begin our study of the late-classical Hasidic text Birkat Avraham, by Rabbi Avraham Weinberg (the third) of Slonim. We are happy to provide this to you as an introduction to the Institute for Jewish Spirituality Ongoing Text Study Program. You will receive it free through the first five weeks of the Torah reading cycle, after which it will be sent only to those who have subscribed to the program. Each week, the text can be read in this email, or it can also be accessed as a clean Word document by clicking the link at the top of the page. I will present the lessons using the classical PaRDe"S structure in this manner: Peshat will be the translation of the text; Drash will be a commentary, unpacking the core elements of the lesson; Remez will be a series of reflection questions for discussion or personal inquiry; Sod will be additional commentary, interpreting the prayer offered by R. Avraham, and offering a new one in the mode of mindfulness practice. You may wish to purchase a copy of Birkat Avraham (two volumes) to accompany your study. The book is still under copyright, and it is right and proper for you to purchase it. You can find it here: I have also had positive experiences purchasing books from Biegeleisen Books in Brooklyn. Their phone number is (718) 436-1165, and you can purchase the books with a credit card. I have heard the this book may be out of print at this time, and if we find that it is impossible to acquire a copy for study, we may provide other means to access the original Hebrew text. I look forward to studying with you this year, engaging with R. Avraham as teacher and companion in deepening our spiritual lives. Be well. Jonathan. If you questions about this study program, please contact me at jonathan@jewishspirituality.org or 914-478-7326.
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Peshat
s.v. va'ani tephilati lekha H' eit ratzon (#4, pg. 55)
"As for me, may my prayer come to You, O YHVH, at a favorable moment; O God, in Your abundant love, answer me with Your sure deliverance" (Ps. 69:14).
"Then an angel of YHVH called to him from heaven: ['Abraham! Abraham!' And he answered, 'Here I am.'] And he said, "Do not raise your hand against the boy, or do anything to him. [For now I know that you fear God, since you have not withheld your son, your favored one, from Me]" (Gen. 22:11-12). We have this teaching in the name of R. Shemuel (of Slonim, older brother and earlier rebbe): from every mitzvah an angel is created. When Abraham was ready willingly (beratzon) to offer Isaac as a sacrifice, an angel had already been created from his deep willingness (mei-haratzon). It was this angel who then said to him "You do not need to carry this out in action, for its end has been completed through your willingness (beratzon)".
In this light we can now explain Isaac's earlier question to Abraham: "Where is the sheep for the sacrifice?" That is: "now, it may be that we can fulfill the goal of sacrifice and draw near to God through our desire (ratzon) alone - but what of the generations to come who are not at the degree that their will is sufficient, and who require deeds to draw near to God?" At first Abraham responded: "God will see to the sheep for His offering, my son". That is, "it will be accomplished through the quality of judgment, Elohim: the blessed Holy One will punish those who transgress His will with suffering, and they will be forced to draw nearer to God". But, afterward Scripture says: "Abraham looked up, his eye fell upon a ram, caught in the thicket by its horns" (ibid. vs. 13). Ram, ayil, resonates with another form of the word, ayal, as in the verse "Like a hind (ayal) crying for water, [my soul cries for You, O God]" (Ps. 42:2), and in this sense ayal suggests desire (ratzon). Abraham saw how the will can get tangled up by the yetzer, who prevents us from turning back to God, and from taking on the yoke of divine sovereignty. So then, "Abraham went and took the ram and offered it up as a burnt offering in place of his son" (ibid.). He did something actively, and offered a sacrifice to God, and in this manner opened a pathway for future generations to draw near to God through the service of sacrifice.
That is the significance that "Abraham named the place 'God will see'" (ibid. vs. 15): he reasoned that during the days of the Temple, Israel will serve God in action, through the service of sacrifice in that place, and thereby "God will see". The next verse then relates to when the Temple no longer exists: "hence it will be said even today, 'On the mount of YHVH it will be seen'" (ibid.). That is, for those generations, the prayers recited before God, willingly taking on the yoke of divine sovereignty, will be accounted as deeds, like the act of sacrifice, such that "on YHVH's mountain it can be seen". So, now there is no need to bring people nearer to God through the quality of judgment, but they will voluntarily draw near through the service of the heart, prayer and accepting the yoke of divine sovereignty. It is in this manner that "YHVH can be seen" in the flow of great love, the aspect of HVYH.
This is the request: "As for me, may my prayer come to You, O YHVH, at a favorable moment". May the prayer that I pray, asking to take on the yoke of divine sovereignty willingly (beratzon), to "be yours YHVH", be received with love, like a sacrifice that rises as sweet savor, a burnt offering to God. In this manner, "O God, in Your abundant love": the aspect of Elohim is sweetened to become great love, and "You answer me with your sure deliverance" - true and complete salvation.
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Drash 
Here is the source in Divrei Shemuel, the teachings of R. Shemuel of Slonim, to which R. Avraham points:
"Then an angel of YHVH called to him from heaven: ['Abraham! Abraham!' And he answered, 'Here I am.'] And he said, "Do not raise your hand against the boy, or do anything to him. [For now I know that you fear God, since you have not withheld your son, your favored one, from Me]" (Gen. 22:11-12). We need to understand the change in voice: in the beginning, when commanded to raise up Isaac as an offering Abraham heard the word from the mouth of the blessed Holy One Himself, but now, when commanded "do not raise your hand against the boy" he was informed by an angel.
We can clarify this in light of the teaching in the Zohar (III 307b) that from every mitzvah that we perform a good angel is created, but it is not created until we fulfill the mitzvah completely. So long as the mitzvah has not been enacted, but is only present in thought, a desire of the heart, the angel has not been created. Thus, when Abraham raised up Isaac onto the altar, was not the commandment fulfilled completely, absolutely? And so an angel was created from that mitzvah. It was this angel who then said to him "do not raise your hand against the boy": that is, he brought proof that the mitzvah had been performed by him completely in the fact that he, the angel, had been created by it. By virtue of his having been created we learn that the blessed Holy One did not ask more of Abraham than that he raise Isaac up onto the altar, to bring him near but not to slaughter him.
That Abraham then offers a ram "in place of his son" was only because he desired to bring the light and inspiration of the mitzvah into a deed actively, so that it would have an affect in the dimension of asiyah.
R. Shemuel's interest is quite different from that of R. Avraham. He wants to explain why an angel interrupts Abraham rather than God, and why Isaac was not offered as a sacrifice. He does deal with the difference between inner willingness and concrete act, but in way quite different from R. Avraham. The latter wants to raise up intention and desire almost to the level of deed, where the former holds that only the deed is effective. Abraham fulfilled the commandment completely in raising Isaac up onto the altar, so far as R. Shemuel is concerned. R.Avraham holds Abraham's sacrifice of the ram signified his offering of his will and desire, opening the way for the generations after the cessation of sacrifice to serve God through their willing hearts in prayer.
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Remez 
- Can you accept the reading of the Akedah offered by R. Shemuel? Do you believe that it was only to "raise Isaac up" onto the altar, and not to sacrifice him? Is the story any less terrifying to you this way? What, if anything, can you take away from this reading?
- How do you understand prayer as a substitution for sacrifices? How, if at all, have you offered your prayers in that mode? How, if at all, do you sense that your prayer brings you closer to God? Atones for sins? Reconciles for transgression? Celebrates wellbeing and wholeness? When, how, why?
- In what circumstances, if any, have you the sense that your inner intention and desire is equal to an act? What characterizes that intention, what gives it its power?
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Sod
R. Avraham's prayer:
My prayer emerges from my deepest desire: to be Yours, God, to be only for You. The more I am connected to that desire, the more my distance from you is made sweet, as I can sense even then your abundant love. In that way I feel Your answer, and the truth that you save me, now and always.
R. Avraham plays with the name of the mountain on which the Akedah took place. It is at once both "YHVH sees" and "on the mountain of YHVH it will be seen" or "it can be seen" - and even alternatively "on the mountain, YHVH will be seen". R. Avraham teaches that when we set out to serve God, it is often difficult. How, after all, can we expect God to pay attention? What can we do - lacking the drama of sacrifice, where it is clear that we are putting our lives on the line - to show our deepest desire to draw near to God? R. Avraham reassures us: when this deepest desire manifests in our prayer, God sees - and then, that God shows up for us. We know it in the sweet ease of sensing God's love no matter what our circumstances.
The image of the mountain that runs through the Akedah story resonates with one that appears in Sukkah 52b:
R. Yehudah expounded: In the time to come the blessed Holy One will bring forth the yetzer hara and slay it before the righteous and before the wicked. To the righteous it will appear like a high mountain, and to the wicked it will appear like a thread of hair. These will weep and those will weep. The righteous will weep and say, "How were we able to overcome a mountain as high as this!" The wicked will weep and say, "How is it that we were unable to conquer this thread of hair!"
Clearly, the assumption of this teaching is that the righteous worked hard all their lives to serve God, accepting that it was difficult, seeking God's presence even when it seemed beyond reach. The wicked, on the other hand, felt that serving God, coming close to God, was too difficult, unattainable. The former accepted the difficulty of their task, but because of their love for God they imagined that due to their own flaws they were not succeeding. They persisted, nonetheless, and receive their reward: they discover that their efforts were indeed necessary, not because they were weak, but because the task was indeed demanding. The latter, however, discover that their half-hearted attempts at service were unworthy of the word "effort", and the difficulty that they perceived was theirs alone - the consequence of their laziness.
In spiritual practice, effort is effort. We do want to be sure that we have undertaken our practice and are doing it "correctly", otherwise we will indeed "spin our wheels". But, when we are doing the best we can with the clearest of instruction and purest of intentions, we may still find that our efforts seem fruitless. Nothing may seem to be happening. We may feel tired, bored, listless, doubtful. We may blame ourselves; we may blame our teachers; we may blame the practice - and consider giving up. It is precisely then that we need to sit ourselves down, and recall that we chose to practice, that no one told us it would be easy, and that it is only in practicing that we have any hope of realization. Practice requires patience, curiosity, dedication, hope and openness as these qualities (and others) sustain us during difficult or dull times. Further, we need to reconnect with our intention in practice: what is it that led us here to begin with? What are our expectations, and do they align with what is offered - and with what we are doing? Sometimes it may be appropriate to let go of a practice, but often what we need is to reconnect with our intention and with our deep inner resources to sustain effort through difficult times.
R. Avraham teaches that our efforts, even when we meet difficulty, are not offered into emptiness. Rather, God already accepts and values them. That we have undertaken to serve God, to engage in practice, to seek wisdom, equanimity and happiness, already qualifies us for God's love, for the peace and ease that is already ours. When we can remember, in the midst of hard times, that our deep desire is already matched with acceptance, our effort may feel less effortful, and more a gift of grace.
My prayer:
It is so difficult to accept things as they are - oh, what I mean: it is so difficult to accept me as I am. My mind races in thought, my eyes dart about distracted, my heart wishes for a thousand things at once - and all I want is to be happy, right here, right now. I get caught in a thicket of confusion, and feel far from You, far from mindful awareness. Let me remember, then, to connect to my true, deep desire, and know that it is responded to, always, in kind. No matter how far I wander, I am never far from You; awareness is always accessible. So, let me stop and pay attention, and know the true ease of this moment.
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Thank you for taking time out of your day to be with us again this week. I look forward to studying with you this year as we engage with Birkat Avraham, the teachings of R. Avraham Weinberg of Slonim, as teacher and companion in deepening our spiritual lives. Be well. Jonathan.
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