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 Developments

Parent Newsletter

  

January 2016                    Volume 5                    Issue 1: Fine Motor Development

~ IN THIS ISSUE ~
Early Childhood Development
Monthly Milestones
Activities
Health & Safety
Additional Resources
 
Early Childhood Development:
Fine Motor Development 
ARTICLE HEADLINE
baby-blocks-blue.jpgFine motor development refers to the small movements of the upper extremities in order to manipulate and engage in a child's environment.  This includes use of hands, wrists, fingers, feet, lips and tongue.  Motor skills are actions that involve movement of the muscles in the body.  Fine motor skills utilize small muscle actions which involve functions such as reaching, manipulating objects, grasping small objects, writing, using different tools and fastening clothes.      

  Children build fine motor skills as their bodies gain mobility, stability,cognition and social/emotional skills.  As in other areas of development, milestones in fine motor depend on other areas to develop appropriately in order to proceed.  Stability is needed to provide strength, balance and control when using one part of the body while moving another.  Children also need bilateral coordination (using both hands) and sensation (knowing where your hands, arms and fingers are and how they're moving) for activities.   

These skills are important in most activities children will use in school as well as in general life.  When children have weakness in their fine motor skills, it can affect their eating skills, writing  skills, ability to use computers, ability to turn the pages of a book and independent activities such as dressing and grooming tasks. As children get older, fine motor skills are needed to perform self-care tasks, play and work.  

 boy-playing-blocks.jpg

Monthly Milestones: Watch Me Grow!
 
Children gain fine motor skills at different rates, however it is important to monitor their progress and be aware of their milestones.
  • At 2 months - Holds rattle if placed in hands
  • At 3 months - Bats at objects 
  • At 4 months - Reaches persistently 
  • At 6 months - Transfers from hand-to-hand
  • At 8 months - Removes cube from cup
  • At 10 months - Isolates index finger and pokes 
  • At 12 months - Scribbles after demonstration
  • At 18 months - Stacks 4-cube tower 
  • At 24 months - Imitates drawing circle & horizontal line
  • At 28 months - Turns paper pages 
  • At 30 months - Stacks 8-cube tower 
  • At 3 years - Strings small beads 
  • At 4 years - Writes part of first name 
  • At 5 years - Cuts with scissors
  • At 6 years - Writes short sentences 

If you are ever concerned about your child's development, Help Me Grow can locate a developmental screening for your child.

 

Collected from Pediatrics in Review - Developmental Milestones: Motor Development

 
Activities: Let's Get Moving!  

 

Babies:

  • Provide your baby with a variety of rattles and toys to try out.  Offer toys that feel different and make sounds.
  • Kiss your baby's fingertips. Baby will learn the feel of your lips and soon start pointing his hands and fingers toward you.
  • Rub your baby's fingers and toes one at a time.  Try using baby lotion to make it even more fun.  Your baby may enjoy the sensation.  This can help build body awareness.
  • If your baby is sitting alone, provide a plastic bowl, bucket or box and a ball. Encourage the baby to drop the ball into the container.  You may need to demonstrate first, but soon enough he will get the hang of it!
  • During bath time offer your baby some cups, pitchers, sponges and scoops to practice pouring, scooping and squeezing.

Toddlers:

  • When you make out your shopping list, have paper and a pen or crayon circlesfor your child to write along with you. "I'm writing a list of what we need from the store. We need carrots and yogurt. You can write one, too. What do you need?"   Take your lists to the store and ask your  child cross the items off of his list as you place them in the cart.
  • Find time every few weeks to go to the library and pick out new books.  Snuggle up and read together each day.  Read the books, talk about the stories, turn the pages and point to the pictures.
  • Show your toddler how to put beginner puzzles together.  You can make your own out of everyday objects like cereal boxes or old coloring books.  Cut them into strips or simple shapes that your child can easily figure out.
  • String some beads, cereal or macaroni with your child.  Practice using two hands in order to hold the string and slide on the beads.  An old shoelace or a string with some tape on the end make it easier to successfully get the beads onto the string. 

Preschoolers:   

  • Give your preschooler a pair of kitchen tongs.  See if he can move cotton balls from one bowl to another.  Then try something heavier like nuts, rocks or bouncy balls.
  • Provide your child with clothes that have large buttons.  Practice fastening the buttons.  First demonstrate how the button is hidden then "peeks" through the hole and finally moves all the way through. 
  • When you have junk mail at home, have your child open it!  He can exercise his fingers opening the mail and pulling out the letter inside.  Help him write and mail letters to family, friends or a favorite performer.
Health & Safety

Cuts, Scrapes & Scar Management: Parent FAQs
It is almost impossible for a curious and active child to avoid some scrapes and cuts. And...while a kiss from mom or dad and some TLC is often all that is needed, it sometimes takes a little more know-how to help wounds heal properly.
 
The following FAQs will help you prevent serious bleeding and other problems such as scarring when your child gets a cut.
 
What's the best way to treat a small cut or scrape?  
Almost all active bleeding can be stopped by applying direct pressure with clean gauze or cloth over the site for five or ten minutes. The most common mistake is interrupting the pressure too early in order to peek at the wound. 
  • Once bleeding stops: Gently wash the wound with soap and water for five minutes. If your child persistently objects, try soaking the wound in the bathtub. Cleaning the wound will decrease the chance of infection and prevent dark spots caused by dirt trapped in the skin.
  • After cleaning: Apply a small amount of antibacterial ointment to keep the wound moist and cover it with a dry gauze or bandage until healed.
How do I know whether or not my child needs stitches?
Here are some guidelines to help you determine whether or not stitches are needed:
  • Cuts that go all of the way through the skin may benefit from stitches.
  • Any cut that is gaping open with visible dark red muscle or yellowish fat should probably be closed, even if it is small.
  • Any cut that is gaping and is more than ½ inch long should probably be closed. Get a ruler and measure it if you are not sure. Cuts smaller than this may not require closure, but if they are gaping, then it is best to have them checked out.
  • Small cuts that are not gaping may not require actual stitches, but may still benefit from steri strips.
  • If your child has a cut that is deep, gaping, or in a cosmetically sensitive area, call your pediatrician to determine if stitches are needed.
What are the options available nowadays for closing a cut?
  • Skin glue was approved for use in 1998 and has become very popular. It is applied by rubbing it over the cut while the cut is being held closed. It is a good choice for straight cuts, and is quick and painless. If done well, the cosmetic outcome is the same as stitches. However, it cannot be used to close a wound that has any tension on it from muscle usage. This is because skin glue is not as strong as stitches and, when used in areas of tension, the risk of the cut reopening is high.
  • Steri-strips (or "butterfly" bandage closures) are narrow adhesive strips placed over a cut, with a bit of tension to keep it closed. They are used for small cuts that are not very deep or over a joint or areas of tension. If they stay in place for at least three days, the outcome can be just as good as stitches. However, they are not as strong as stitches and do not stay in place well.
  • Stitches provide more strength and little to no risk of being pulled off too soon. However, they can be traumatic due to the time and pain involved in putting them in. Absorbable sutures are stitches that do NOT need to be removed. Non-absorbable sutures are stitches that need to be removed, usually 5-12 days later, depending on the location.
  • Staples are most often used for cuts in the scalp (within the hair). They are very fast, and close the cut almost as well as stitches.
How soon after an injury does my child need to see a doctor for stitches?
Most cuts can generally be closed as long as 24 hours after the injury. Some cuts should be closed sooner, but it is very safe to wait at least 8 hours to have a cut closed.
  • If you do decide to wait: Wash your child's cut under the faucet to get out any dirt. Do not let the cut dry out. Wet some gauze pads and tape them over the cut. Change the gauze every two hours to keep it moist.
My child's cut is on his face. Should I be concerned about scarring from the stitches?  
Facial cuts in children usually heal remarkably well and with very little scarring. Pediatric plastic surgeons recommend that most facial cuts be repaired using simple interrupted sutures. The suture size and needle type are specifically designed for the delicate skin of the face.

How can I make my child's scar less visible?
There are some simple things you can do to help minimize your child's scar appearance once the skin has fully healed:
Note: Scars cannot be completely erased, and no treatment can return your child's skin to exactly the way it looked before the injury.
  • Sun protection. Damaged skin is very susceptible to becoming permanently discolored by the sun for up to 6 months after an injury. It is very important to minimize sun exposure to the healing cut. Keep it covered with a hat or clothing as much as possible, or use a broad sunscreen to minimize darkening of the scar (called "hyperpigmentation"). Do not apply sunscreen until two weeks after the cut.
  • Scar massage. Scars may soften and flatten more quickly when they are massaged. To do this, use your fingers to apply moderate pressure and massage the scar in circles.
  • Silicone sheets or gels. Silicone products may help soften, flatten, and improve the coloration of a scar if used for at least 12 hours a day.
My child has a scar seems to be getting bigger. Should I be concerned?
Sometimes, no matter what you do, a scar might not look as good as you want it to. Most of the time, this is a cosmetic issue. Occasionally, there are medical problems that can arise.
  • Hypertrophic scar. These are prominent scars that form as a wound heals and may be pink, red, or purple. These are often thick and raised, but they do not extend beyond the initial injury.
  • Keloid. These scars have spontaneously enlarged to form a firm, smooth growth. They are typically raised above the surface of the skin, look shiny, rough, and irregular in shape. They can be pink, red, or purple. Some keloids can become quite large, much larger than the original injury and often extend beyond its original borders. 
If you suspect a hypertrophic scar or keloid, talk to your child's pediatrician. You may be referred to a pediatric plastic surgeon to see if treatment is needed.
Additional Resources
 
Information on Child Development - Help Me Grow:
 
Kid Builders Activity Books:
 painted hands
Fine Motor Activities  
 
Fingertip Injuries
http://bit.ly/1PDEQy4

Nail Care: Fingers & Toes
http://bit.ly/1SetmIg

Additional Activities:
 
Worksheets to Trace Lines and Cut with Scissors
http://www.kidslearningstation.com/fine-motor-skills/

Article: Help Your Preschool Child Develop Fine Motor Skills
http://www.superduperinc.com/handouts/pdf/121_FineMotorSkills.pdf

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