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Greetings!
With the turbulent start to 2013 and the cautious economic forecast, many individuals and businesses alike are uncertain of the impact surrounding the additional tax law changes.
To keep you informed, we are providing information on some of the most common tax law changes in this e-newsletter. We have included summaries on new tax legislation which include:
- New tax rates
- Impact of deductions and personal exemptions for individuals and couples over a certain income threshold
- New Medicare surtax
Additionally, articles examining investment options. Specifically, reviewing retirement options and educational savings instruments which will be crucial in your future.
As always, we will keep you updated with the news and changes that can impact you personally.
Please feel free to contact us with questions concerning this newsletter.
Best Regards:
Donald J. Ciampi Sr, EA |
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Economic Outlook
The economic forecast for 2013 remains cautious, to say the least. Economic growth (the increase in the amount of goods and services produced over time) is measured as the annual percentage rate change of gross domestic product, or commonly referred to as GDP. Real GDP growth appears to have slowed to around a one percent annualized rate during the final quarter of 2012 as businesses have put expansion and hiring plans on hold due to fiscal cliff negotiations. Growth is expected to get off to a slow start in 2013, as higher taxes hit households at all income levels. Federal government spending is also expected to shrink modestly. Growth is expected to begin rebounding by the middle of the year, as the economy moves further away from the fiscal cliff and homebuilding gains momentum.
Europe's economic and financial troubles will continue to weigh on global economic activity in 2013, but conditions are expected to slowly improve over the year. With much of the developed world stalled in recession or growing exceptionally slow, global economic growth will likely depend more on what happens in the developing world. Fortunately, growth should firm up a bit over the year.
For 2013, fiscal policy remains the main event. Even after the immediate questions surrounding the Bush-era tax cuts were resolved, long-run challenges still remain. Based upon the number of long-run budget challenges, it looks as if restoring soundness to the nation's finances will inflict significant costs on economic growth. When demographic changes and slower productivity growth are factored in, potential real GDP growth has and will continue to slow to a pace well below recent decades. This, unfortunately, will present a new set of challenges to households, businesses and policymakers. |
The American Taxpayer Relief Act of 2012 was passed on December 31, 2012. Highlights of the 157- page document include the following:
- Extension of many of the 2001, 2003, and 2009 tax cuts
- Social Security tax rates return to prior levels
- Increased tax rates and limited deductions and exemptions for taxpayers at higher income levels
Many of the provisions of this legislation are "permanent," at least insofar as they do not have a built-in expiration date. However, tax legislation seems to be ever changing and evolving. Congress must still deal with a number of fiscal issues throughout 2013 and beyond, and their solutions may involve additional tax policy changes.
Summary of Tax Law Changes
Income tax rates:
|
Single |
Married Filing Jointly | |
Income |
Rate |
Income |
Rate | |
$0 - 8,700 |
10% |
$0 - 17,400 |
10% | |
$8,701 - 35,350 |
15% |
$17,401 - 70,700 |
15% | |
$35,351 - 85,650 |
25% |
$70,701 - 142,700 |
25% | |
$85,651 - 178,650 |
28% |
$142,701 - 217,450 |
28% | |
$178,651 - 388,350 |
33% |
$217,451 - 388,350 |
33% | |
$388,351 - 400,000 |
35% |
$388,351 - 450,000 |
35% | |
$400,001 and up |
39.6% |
$450,001 and up |
39.6% |
New legislation retains the current ordinary income tax rates and adds a new tax rate of 39.6% for taxpayers with taxable income over $400,000 (single) and $450,000 (married filing jointly).
Payroll taxes: The two percent reduction in Social Security payroll tax rates expired on 12/31/2012. New withholding amounts should be reflected in 2013 paychecks, which result in less take-home pay.
Capital gains tax rates:
- The zero percent long-term capital gains rate has been retained for those in the 10% and 15% tax brackets.
- Taxpayers in the 25% through 35% tax brackets will have a 15% long-term capital gain tax rate.
- Taxpayers in the 39.6% tax bracket will pay 20% on long-term capital gains.
Qualified dividend tax rates: New legislation preserves the favorable tax treatment for qualified dividends at the following rates:
- 0% for those in the 10% and 15% tax brackets
- 15% for taxpayers in the 25% through 35% tax brackets
- 20% for taxpayers in the 39.6% tax bracket
Nonqualified dividends will continue to be taxed at the taxpayer's ordinary income tax rate.
Itemized deduction limits: Taxpayers with adjusted gross income (AGI) above a $250,000 (single) and $300,000 (married filing jointly) threshold will lose a portion of their itemized deductions through a reduction in their ability to write off certain expenses.
Personal exemption limits: Taxpayers with AGI above a $250,000 (single) or $300,000 (married filing jointly) threshold will lose a portion of their personal exemptions.
Alternative minimum tax: Alternative minimum tax (AMT) income levels were raised to $50,600 (single) and $78,750 (married filing jointly) for 2012 and indexed for inflation, thus removing the year-by-year uncertainty.
Child tax credit:The child tax credit remains at $1,000 for the next five years, but will be reduced proportionally after reaching a certain income level.
Day care tax credits: Credits of $600 are retained for each child or the depletion of a flexible spending account through your employer to cover up to $5,000 in eligible child dependent care expenses.
Education Savings Accounts (ESAs): Contribution amounts will remain at $2,000, the contribution deadline remains April 15 following the applicable contribution year, and qualified expenses continue to include those related to enrollment in elementary and secondary education.
American Opportunity Tax Credit: This credit has been preserved through Dec. 31, 2017, providing a tax credit up to $2,500 per student for the first four years of qualified higher education expenses paid.
Estate, gift and GST tax exclusions: The estate tax applicable exclusion, gift tax lifetime exclusion, and generation-skipping tax (GST) exemption all remain at $5M and are adjusted for inflation. According to unofficial estimates, the adjusted amount for 2013 should be $5.22M.
Estate and gift tax rates: Estate and gift tax rates increase from 35% to 40%.
Annual gifts: The annual exclusion gift amount increases to $14,000 (from $13,000 in 2012).
Business provisions:A variety of business tax breaks have been extended, as well as new changes enacted. This includes an accelerated "bonus" depreciation of business investments in new property and equipment, and tax credits for research and development as well as renewable energy.
Other tax laws effective as of January 1, 2013
Medicare surtax: For taxpayers with modified adjusted gross income above $200,000 (single) or $250,000 (married filing jointly), a new 3.8% tax will apply to net investment income. For taxpayers with compensation or self-employment income above $200,000 (single) or $250,000 (married filing jointly), an additional 0.9% tax will apply to compensation or self-employment income above these thresholds.
Medical expense deduction: For medical expenses to be deductible, the amount of the medical expenses must first exceed a 10% of AGI floor (compared to a 7.5% floor in 2012).
2013 Mileage Rates:
The standard mileage rates for the use of a vehicle (car, van, pickup or panel truck) for business, medical, moving or volunteering will be the following:
|
Business |
.565 | |
Medical |
.24 | |
Moving |
.24 | |
Volunteering |
.14 |
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Investing in 2013
If 2013 is the year you'll be making your first investment, or if you are a seasoned investor, review the following to discover effective ways to invest monies in your retirement vehicles. Every year you should invest the maximum possible in any tax-advantaged retirement plan that you're eligible for. Also, if you're getting started with retirement investing on the late side, you may need to invest additional money, over and beyond the money in such plans, into regular (taxable) investment accounts.
Retirement Accounts:
|
Type |
2012 Limits |
2013 Limits |
Advantages | |
IRA |
Under age 50: $5,000
Over age 50: $6,000 |
Under age 50: $5,500
Over age 50: $6,500 |
1. You can shelter and defer income. By keeping a retirement fund in your IRA, thereby making your portfolio more tax-efficient, you won't pay taxes until retirement age.
2. Your 401k is full. You can squeeze $17,000 ($22.5k if 50 or older) into your 401k or 403b this year, or up to $50,000 ($55.5k if 50 older) if you're self-employed. Maxing out your IRA means more tax deferral and more money for retirement. | |
Roth IRA |
Under age 50: $5,000
Over age 50: $6,000 |
Under age 50: $5,500
Over age 50: $6,500 |
1. Tax Free Growth. Earnings are not subject to income tax as long as you have held the account for at least 5 years, and you are at least 59 1/2.
2. No minimum withdrawal requirements. There are no required minimum distributions as in a traditional IRA or 401(k).
3. Inheritance. Assets can be passed onto beneficiaries after death.
| |
SEP IRA |
25% of wages
up to $50,000 |
25% of wages
up to $51,000 |
1. A SEP IRA allows generous contributions limits. The 2013 SEP IRA contribution limit is $51,000 and the 2012 contribution limit is $50,000
2. Contributions into a SEP IRA are generally 100% tax deductible
3. Interest earned in a SEP IRA grows tax-deferred. Dividends and investment earnings continue to grow without being taxed until you withdraw the assets
| |
Simple IRA |
None |
None |
1. By offering a Simple IRA, owners and employees can save toward retirement and lower their adjusted gross income
2. When a contribution is made, it is made directly to an Individual Retirement Account or Individual Retirement Annuity specified for the employee
3. Contributions made by employers are automatically vested, unlike 401(k) plans, which may take years of service before being considered 100% the employee's
| |
401(k) /403(b) |
Under age 50: $17,000
Over age 50: $22,500 |
Under age 50: $17,500
Over age 50: $23,000 |
1. The tax benefits are great, as you do not pay taxes on monies that you invested until you withdraw it 30 to 40 years from now.
2. Employers match anywhere from 25% to 100% of your investment into a 401(k) account.
3. Time is on your side. Even if you invest a small amount now, it can become a substantial asset with the passage of 30 or 40 years.
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Educational Savings Accounts:
|
|
Qualified Tuition Program (529 ESA) |
Coverdale Educational Savings Account |
US Savings Bonds | |
Benefit |
Tax free earnings |
Tax free earnings |
Tax free interest | |
Annual limit |
None |
$2,000 per child |
Amount of qualified educational expenses | |
Deductibility of Contribution |
None |
None |
None | |
Lifetime limit |
Account balance limits are set by plan. Limits are over $200,000 for most state plans. |
Unlimited |
Unlimited | |
Qualifying education |
Undergraduate and Graduate |
K-12
Undergraduate and Graduate |
Undergraduate and Graduate | |
Other considerations |
Contributions can be made to QTP and Coverdale ESA |
Contributions can be made to QTP and Coverdale ESA. Assets must be distributed by age 30 of beneficiary. |
Applies only to EE issuer after 1989 or Series I Bonds | |
Contributor |
Any individual |
Any individual |
Any individual | |
Deadline |
None |
April 15, 2013 for 2012 contributions |
None |
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Nanny and Household Employees
Employing a nanny, maid or other household employee requires additional diligence on the part of the employer. As an employer, you will be responsible for paying an extra 10% of an employee's salary to cover taxes and other costs. These costs include Social Security/Medicare taxes and unemployment insurance through both state and federal governments.
Household employees often balk, too, because they don't want taxes withheld from their paychecks. They may demand higher wages to make up for money that an employer takes out, raising your costs even more. Perhaps the most challenging part of all of this, however, is how much effort and paperwork it takes to do the right thing.
The process of being a household employer and complying with the Internal Revenue Service is daunting. However, should you choose to be compliant as an employer, the following is a good starting guide to help you down that path:
1. Ensure your employee's immigration status and confirm he/she is eligible to work in the United States.
2. Obtain an employer identification number, which ensures your status as an employer.
3. If you, as an employer, pay $2,000 or more per year to a household employee, it is required that you withhold and pay Social Security and Medicare taxes. Additionally, you must pay federal unemployment taxes of another 1 percent of wages up to $7,000 per year.
4. You, as an employer, are responsible for paying state unemployment taxes. State of Connecticut unemployment taxes in 2012 were 4.2 percent of wages up to $15,000 per year.
5. Many states require you, as an employer, to have workers compensation insurance in case your employee is injured on the job.
6. You, as an employer, are required to file forms for quarterly filings and payments to your state for unemployment taxes, as well as quarterly filings and payments to the federal government.
The tax savings likely won't make up for the cost of following the many rules, regulations and processes required to ensure compliance. However, there is a satisfactory and secure feeling that is derived for being compliant and adhering to the laws, which confirm your status as a legitimate employer in the eyes of Uncle Sam. |
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