Over the objections of Thomas Jefferson, Alexander Hamilton helped create the nation's first centralized bank in 1791, the Bank of the United States.
By 1822, the rechartered second Bank of the United States was run by Nicholas Biddle, who boasted of having more personal power than the President, as he set interest rates and reserve requirements.
Biddle bought influence, paid to elect politicians and owned newspapers which he used to sway voters during elections.
On JULY 10, 1832, President Andrew Jackson vetoed the renewal of the charter of Nicholas Biddle's Bank of the United States, stating:
"Some of powers and privileges possessed by the existing Bank are unauthorized by the Constitution, subversive to the rights of the States, and dangerous to the liberties of the people...
It is easy to conceive that great evils to our country and its institutions might flow from such a concentration of power in the hands of a few men irresponsible to the people...
Their power would be great whenever they might choose to exert it...to influence elections or control the affairs of the nation.
But if any private citizen or public functionary should interpose to curtail its powers or prevent a renewal of its privileges, it cannot be doubted that he would be made to feel its influence..."
Andrew Jackson continued:
"Controlling our currency, receiving our public moneys, and holding thousands of our citizens in dependence, it would be more formidable and dangerous than the naval and military power of the enemy."
On September 18, 1833, President Andrew Jackson decided to remove all Federal money out of Nicholas Biddle's Bank of the United States:
"The Bank is thus converted into a vast electioneering engine, with means to embroil the country in deadly feuds, and...extend its corruption through all the ramifications of society...
The President would feel that he was...an accomplice in a conspiracy against that Government... if he did not take every step within his constitutional and legal power...to...putting an end to these enormities...
Was it expected when the moneys of the United States were directed to be placed in that Bank that they would be put under the control of one man...?
This corporation now holds in its hands the happiness and prosperity of the American people, it is high time to take the alarm.
If the despotism be already upon us and our only safety is in the mercy of the despot...how necessary it is to shake it off...
One of the most serious objections to the Bank of the United States is the power which it concentrates."
On December 3, 1833, in his 5th Annual Message, President Andrew Jackson stated:
"This great and powerful institution had been actively engaged in attempting to influence the elections of the public officers by means of its money...
It being thus established by unquestionable proof that the Bank of the United States was converted into a permanent electioneering engine...
The efforts of the Bank to control public opinion, through the distresses of some and the fears of others...
Through presses known to have been sustained by its money it attempts by unfounded alarms to create a panic in all."
President Andrew Jackson, whose wife died right before he took office, stated in a Protest message to the Senate, April 15, 1834:
"The Bank of the United States, a great moneyed monopoly, had attempted to obtain a renewal of its charter by controlling the elections of the people...to control public opinion and force the Government to yield to its demands...
The only ambition I can feel is to acquit myself to Him to whom I must soon render an account of my stewardship...to persuade my countrymen, so far as I may, that it is not in a...government supported by powerful monopolies...that they will find happiness...but in a plain system, void of pomp, protecting all and granting favors to none, dispensing its blessings, like the dews of Heaven."
On December 1, 1834, in his 6th Annual Message, President Andrew Jackson stated:
"Events have satisfied my mind, and I think the minds of the American people, that the mischief and dangers which flow from a national Bank far overbalance all its advantages.
The bold effort the present Bank has made to control the Government, the distresses it has wantonly produced, the violence of which it has been the occasion in one of our cities famed for its observance of law and order, are but premonitions of the fate which awaits the American people should they be deluded into a perpetuation of this institution or the establishment of another like it."
On January 30, 1835, in the midst of the "Bank War," President Andrew Jackson survived an assassination attempt when a bearded man, Richard Lawrence, fired two pistols at him at point blank range.
For some reason the guns misfired. Davy Crockett, who was with the President, wrestled the assailant down and disarmed him.
When King William IV of England heard of the incident, he wrote expressing his concern. President Jackson wrote back:
"A kind of Providence had been pleased to shield me against the recent attempt upon my life, and irresistibly carried many minds to the belief in a superintending Providence."
On December 7, 1835, in his 7th Annual Message, President Andrew Jackson stated:
"We have felt but one class of these dangers exhibited in the contest waged by the Bank of the United States...
The Bank is, in fact, but one of the fruits of a system at war with the genius of all our institutions,...whose great ultimate object and inevitable result...is the consolidation of all power in our system in one central government.
Lavish public disbursements and corporations with exclusive privileges would be its substitutes for the original...checks and balances of the Constitution...
Wherever this spirit has effected an alliance with political power, tyranny and despotism have been the fruit...It has to be incessantly watched, or it corrupts...
All history tells us that a free people should be watchful of delegated power, and should never acquiesce in a practice which will diminish their control over it."
On December 5, 1836, in his 8th Annual Message, President Andrew Jackson stated:
"It was in view of these evils, together with the dangerous power wielded by the Bank of the United States and its repugnance to our Constitution, that I was induced to exert the power conferred upon me by the American people to prevent the continuance of that institution...
The lessons taught by the Bank of the United States cannot well be lost upon the American people. They will take care never again to place so tremendous a power in irresponsible hands."
Get the book, Miracles in American History - 32 Amazing Stories of Answered PrayerOn March 4, 1837, in his Farewell Address, President Jackson stated:
"The distress and alarm which pervaded and agitated the whole country when the Bank of the United States waged war upon the people in order to compel them to submit to its demands cannot yet be forgotten...
The Government would have passed from the hands of the many to the hands of the few, and this organized money power from its secret conclave would have dictated the choice of your highest officers and compelled you to make peace or war, as best suited their own wishes.
The forms of your Government might for a time have remained, but its living spirit would have departed from it."
Jackson continued:
"The distress... inflicted on the people by the Bank are some of the fruits of that system of policy which is continually striving to enlarge the authority of the Federal Government beyond the limits fixed by the Constitution...
The power which moneyed interest can exercise, when concentrated under a single head and with our present system of currency, was sufficiently demonstrated in the struggle made by the Bank of the United States...
The paper-money system and its natural associations - monopoly and exclusive privileges - have already struck their root too deep in the soil, and it will require all your efforts to check its further growth and to eradicate the evil."
Andrew Jackson continued:
"The men who profit by the abuses and desire to perpetuate them will continue to besiege the halls of legislation in the General Government...and will seek by every artifice to mislead and deceive the public servants...
You have no longer any cause to fear danger from abroad; your strength and power are well known throughout the civilized world...
It is from within, among yourselves - from cupidity, from corruption...and inordinate thirst for power - that factions will be formed and liberty endangered.
It is against such designs, whatever disguise the actors may assume, that you have especially to guard yourselves...
Providence has showered on this favored land blessings without number, and has chosen you as the guardians of freedom, to preserve it for the benefit of the human race.
May He who holds in His hands the destinies of nations, make you worthy of the favors He has bestowed, and enable you, with pure hearts and hands and sleepless vigilance, to guard and defend to the end of time, the great charge He has committed to your keeping."
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