Exercise and the Aging Brain
There is ongoing research being done on the relationship between exercise and brain function. Much of what we know about the positive effects
exercise has on the body is now being linked to brain health. We know that inactivity leads to decreased muscle strength and flexibility which leads to poor balance and an increased risk of falls. Being active as we age improves strength and balance and preserves the body's ability to more quickly recuperate from traumatic events such as falls and fractures. Exercise also improves cardiac functioning, blood pressure and bone health. It makes sense then that exercise will also help brain health. New research suggests that a nutritious diet, physical activity and mentally stimulating pursuits can help reduce the risk of cognitive decline and Alzheimer's Dementia as we age.
The Brain is nourished by blood vessels, therefore anything that damages blood vessels anywhere in the body, will also affect the brain. Blood vessel changes in the brain are linked to various types of dementia including Alzheimer's Dementia and can accelerate the signs and symptoms of dementia. A part of normal aging is that the hippocampus shrinks in late adulthood, and if severely, can lead to impaired memory and increased risk for dementia. However, hippocampus and medial temporal lobe volumes have been found to remain larger in more physically fit adults. In addition, exercise increases blood flow to the hippocampus which translates into improved memory function. You can help protect your brain with some of the same strategies that protect your heart - don't smoke, work to keep blood sugar, cholesterol and blood pressure within recommended limits and seek to maintain a healthy weight.
Evidence suggests that exercise may directly benefit the brain cells by increasing blood and oxygen flow to the brain. Aerobic fitness has been found to reduce brain cell loss in elderly research subjects. Researchers have found that further positive effects are obtained when there is either a social component to the exercise or another type of cognitive-stimulating activity done simultaneously with the exercise. Even walking outside and observing the natural surroundings can have a positive impact on brain health. The evidence varies on how much exercise is enough. The bottom line is anything is better than nothing and it's never too late to start. If you have not exercised regularly you should begin by checking with your physician. You can seek the help of a professional, such as a Physical Therapist, to assist you in setting up a safe and effective exercise plan.
