There are many benefits to exercise, including the potential for improved physical and mental wellbeing. However, there may also be some physical discomfort associated with these activities due to the stresses placed on the body.
When experiencing discomfort, it is important to understand the difference between exercise-related muscular soreness and pain. Muscular soreness is a healthy and expected result of exercise. Pain is an unhealthy and abnormal response. Experiencing pain may be indicative of injury.
Individual Activity Threshold
In order to make physical improvements, your body needs to be pushed to an appropriate level where gains can occur.
Each person's body has a different activity threshold dependent upon many factors, including age, baseline strength, and participation level. Remaining on the safe side of your threshold will result in muscular soreness. Exceeding your threshold will result in pain.
One of the expected outcomes of exercise, when done appropriately, is that this threshold will progressively increase. For example, when an individual begins running, their safe threshold may be 5 minutes of running. After several weeks of progressive increases in duration, this runner's threshold may increase to 20-30 minutes.
To maximize your exercise gains and minimize injury risk, it is important to be realistic about your activity threshold and to be able to differentiate between moderate muscle soreness and pain.
Soreness vs. Pain: How To Tell the Difference
The chart below highlights key differences between muscle soreness and pain.
| Muscle Soreness | Pain |
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Type of discomfort:
|
Tender when touching muscles, tired or burning feeling while exercising, minimal dull, tight and achy feeling at rest
|
Ache, sharp pain at rest or when exercising
|
Onset:
|
During exercise or 24-72 hours after activity
|
During exercise or within 24 hours of activity
|
Duration:
|
2-3 days
|
May linger if not addressed
|
Location:
|
Muscles
|
Muscles or joints
|
Improves with:
|
Stretching, following movement
|
Ice, rest
|
Worsens with:
|
Sitting still
|
Continued activity
|
Appropriate action:
|
Resume offending activity once soreness subsides
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Consult with medical professional if pain is extreme or lasts >1-2 weeks
|