Finding Our Place In Preventing Birth Defects
Deanna Macioce, MS, OTR/L
The National Birth Defects Prevention Network (NBDPN) claims January as National Birth Defects Prevention Month. This organization is a "volunteer-based organization that addresses the issues of birth defects surveillance, research and prevention under one umbrella by maintaining a national network of state and population-based birth defects programs." (NBDPN website) It is made up of a team of members from various backgrounds, including public health officials, epidemiologists, academics, parents, and others who work hard to understand, identify, educate, and find ways to prevent birth defects. "Birth defects are serious conditions that are changes to the structure of one or more parts of the body. Birth defects affect 1 in every 33 babies born in the United States each year."(http://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/birthdefects/facts.html) They range from physical conditions to internal heart conditions. Whatever the case is for a child, these situations add a lot of stress on parents and families. With today's technology and prevention screenings, many of these situations can be identified prior to birth, but that is not always the case. Children who are born with birth defects tend to need a great deal of extra medical attention. From the costly hospital stay due to surgeries, longer stays, and extra medical equipment and staff to the ongoing follow-up needs including Early Intervention services, these situations put a lot of extra emotional and financial burden on families. From early on, these children will have an extensive medical team including occupational, speech and physical therapists. Occupational therapists often assist in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) with feeding concerns. Early on, occupational therapists play a role in helping families understand the sensory system and help with overall self-regulation if it is needed. In addition, they work with parents and families on positioning, interacting with people and things, and calming techniques. As a child develops, OTs remain part of the team, as needed to assist with motor development, fine motor and play skills, sensory processing, and coordination skills. They are also the key players who address concerns such as feeding and self-care needs. Physical therapists and speech therapists become part of these children's treatment teams to help facilitate motor and social growth. Physical therapists focus on helping families know how to encourage proper developmental movement patterns, encourage skills such as rolling, sitting, crawling and walking at the right times. Speech therapists play a role in assessing and addressing cognitive needs prior to verbalization beginning. In addition, they also assist with feeding skills and proper mouth development. Based on specific birth defects, therapists work to help families learn and find adaptive equipment if needed. Proper facilitation is important for overall growth for all children regardless of any birth defects. As individuals who have some knowledge of child development and a connection with various families and parents, we need to play a role in helping to prevent birth defects. According to the Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) website, ways to help prevent birth defects are: ˇ Get 400 micrograms (mcg) of folic acid every day. ˇ Avoid alcohol at any time during pregnancy. ˇ Avoid smoking cigarettes or using "street" drugs. ˇ Prevent infections. ˇ Talk to a health care provider about taking any medications.
ˇ Talk to your doctor about vaccinations (shots). ˇ Reach and maintain a healthy weight. ˇ Keep diabetes under control. ˇ See a health care professional regularly. So, as the new year start, let's play a role in helping families start of on the right foot by helping to promote healthy births!
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