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BOSTON COLLEGE SCHOOL OF SOCIAL WORK
November 2014: Issue 3.3   
 
In this Issue: 
President's Executive Order
> 
Current Research 
>Reviews
>Resources
 


Obama's immigration reform order
Westy Egmont
November 21, 2014
CNN
 
Immigration enriches you and me
Nicholas Kristof
November 21, 2014
NYTimes

Lack of immigration plan flusters GOP
Burgess Everett and Seung Min Kim
November 21, 2014
Politico

From journalism to activism: Jose Antonio Vargas's life on the run
Marc Fisher
November 23, 2014
The Washington Post

New Immigration Order helps Asians, Africans, too 
DeWayne Wickham
November 24, 2014
USA Today

Legal Scholars: Obama's Immigration Actions Lawful
Jim Kuhnhenn
November 25, 2014
Associated Press

 
Los Angeles, CA
December 14th-16th, 2014
National Immigrant Integration Conference



Mexico City, Mexico
November 2015
20th Metropolis International Immigration Conference

     



Newsletter 
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Relief for 5 Millions, Hope for 43 Millions
  

While the country is rightly focused on the Administrative Relief for potentially 5 million residents who are out of status and the protection of millions of children from having families divided by deportation unless there is serious crime, there was another facet of the Executive Order of November 21.  President Barak Obama created the first federal initiative on immigrant integration. 

 

The President wrote:

 

"Therefore, I am establishing a White House Task Force on New Americans, an interagency effort to identify and support State and local efforts at integration that are working and to consider how to expand and replicate successful models. The Task Force, which will engage with community, business, and faith leaders, as well as State and local elected officials, will help determine additional steps the Federal Government can take to ensure its programs and policies are serving diverse communities that include new Americans.

 

This Task Force shall consist of (i) the Secretary of State; (ii) the Attorney General; (iii) the Secretary of Agriculture; (iv) the Secretary of Commerce; (v) the Secretary of Labor; (vi) the Secretary of Health and Human Services; (vii) the Secretary of Housing and Urban Development; (viii) the Secretary of Transportation; (ix) the Secretary of Education; (x) the Chief Executive Officer of the Corporation for National and Community Service; (xi) the Director of the Office of Management and Budget; (xii) the Administrator of the Small Business Administration; (xiii) the Senior Advisor and Assistant to thePresident for Intergovernmental Affairs and Public Engagement; (xiv) the Director of the National Economic Council; (xv) the Assistant to the President for Homeland Security and Counterterrorism; and (xvi) the Director of the Office of Science and Technology Policy.

 

Their mission is (i) review the policies and programs of all relevant executive departments and agencies to ensure they are responsive to the needs of new Americans and the receiving communities in which they reside, and identify ways in which such programs can be used to increase meaningful engagement between new Americans and the receiving community; (ii) identify and disseminate best practices at the State and local level; (iii) provide technical assistance, training, or other support to existing Federal grantees to increase their coordination and capacity to improve long-term integration and foster welcoming community climates; (iv) collect and disseminate immigrant integration data, policies, and programs that affect numerous executive departments and agencies, as well as State and local governments and nongovernmental actors; (v) conduct outreach to representatives of nonprofit organizations, State and local government  agencies, elected officials, and other interested persons that can assist with the Task Force's development of recommendations; (vi) work with Federal, State, and local entities to measure and strengthen equitable access to services and programs for new Americans, consistent with applicable law; and (vii) share information with and communicate to the American public regarding the benefits that result from integrating new Americans into communities."

 

For the Immigrant Integration Lab this is a milestone moment.  Thanks to the leadership of FIRM's executive[CV1]  committee and the particular advocacy and skill of Eva Millona, the White House has acted not only to give relief to the most vulnerable immigrants but has taken a major step to address the full participation and potential of all foreign born Americans.   By including immigrant integration in the EO, the President signals a commitment to more than tolerating newcomers, more than exercising prosecutorial discretion regarding those who are undocumented. Rather, this step is a commitment of the Administration to advance the social, economic, civic, and political integration of 13% of the U.S. population who sustain our nation with labor, entrepreneurial spirit, and dreams of improved life.

 

When the IIL was conceived, the first step was to survey the national academic scene and recognize that this would be a unique contribution. The IIL is unique.  Our vision grew from the success of the only federal immigrant integration program, the US Refugee Program, a program that offers an array of services to newcomers with a remarkable level of achievement.  If the lesson of front end assistance and its expansion to assist all newcomers were the only outcome, it would be transformative to the nation.  Social work and social policy are primary and effective tools.

But, as co-chair of the Governor's Advisory Council, serving Gov. Deval Patrick, I had opportunity to see the power of executive action with all members of his Cabinet working to address a similar vision.  A series of hearings across the state and policy roundtables with community leadership and academics produced a robust set of observations that were summarized in 131 recommendations.  The New American Agenda for the Commonwealth of Massachusetts has served well as a lively agenda for many executive actions and agency improvements, as well as saw scores of these recommendations become new policy and practice.

 

As the President launches this vital element in the last quarter of his Administration, there is reason for hope.  Much can be done in each of the Secretariats to improve the opportunities foreign born Americans pursue. On the entry level, wage protection. On the high end, streamlining re-certification of professionals are some examples of areas to improve.  Secretary Jae Johnson of DHS has announced a naturalization campaign and with the backing of the White House, simple matters like using credit cards to apply for naturalization, fee waivers for low income families, and expanded services can make the critical pathway to becoming a citizen much more accessible.

 

In the IIL, we will pursue whatever opportunities emerge, but the moment is one to honor. Our nation of immigrants prospers when we remove barriers and open opportunities, when we recognize issues and provide inclusive policy, and when our ideals are translated into positive integration strategies.

 

Hail to the Chief.

Westy Egmont, Director
BCSSW Immigrant Integration Lab

 

President Obama launches the first federal immigrant integration task force!

 

While the issue of border control and the status of undocumented residents in America took center stage with the EO, the BCSSW and the Immigrant Integration Lab hail the President for his forward look in creating the White House Task Force on New Americans. This task force is detailed below but is a victory for the National Partnership for New Americans who proposed the action and advocated for its inclusion. Eva Millona and Josh Hoyt lead this national organization of state coalitions and have championed the cause as part of their larger vision for citizenship, civic engagement and economic advancement of the foreign born.

IIL is one of only 3 academic institutions solely focused on the issue of immigrant integration and is committed to work along with D.C. think tanks, state coalitions and federal agencies on the further development of this White House initiative. 

The Massachusetts Immigrant and Refugee Advocacy Coalition 

The Massachusetts Immigrant and Refugee Advocacy Coalition (MIRA) is the largest organization in New England promoting the rights and integration of immigrants and refugees. MIRA serves the Commonwealth's one million foreign-born residents with policy analysis and advocacy, institutional organizing, training and leadership development and strategic communications. The Coalition involves an active membership of over 130 organizations, including community-based groups, social service organizations, ethnic associations, schools, refugee resettlement agencies, health centers and hospitals, religious institutions, unions and law firms, as well as thousands of individual members, contributors and allies.

Read more about MIRA > >


ResearchRESEARCH



 

 

"Awakening to a Nightmare": Abjectivity and Illegality in the Lives of Undocumented 1.5-Generation Latino Immigrants in the United States

Gonzalez, R. & Chavez, L. (2012)

Current Anthropology, 53(30), 255-281

The practice of politics of citizenship and governmentality through surveillance, immigration documents, employment forms, various legal documentation, random detentions and deportation creates an environment that encloses and limits the lives of undocumented 1.5 generations (or those who migrated at a young age).  The sense of abjectivity and illegality constrain their daily lives, create internalized fears, and immobilize victims for the irregular population in the United States.  These children are socialized in the United States and acculturated, but when they reach the ages of 14-17 they have to face the reality of their undocumented status.  Studies show that Latino undocumented youth live their daily lives at much higher levels of stress and lower levels of social, material and psychological security than documented immigrant youth.

Read more > >


  

   

The Health and Well-Being of Young Children of Immigrants

Capps, R., Fix, M., Ost, J., Reardon-Anderson, J., & Passel, J.  (2004) 

Urban Institute
According to estimates, over one-fifth of children in the United States are the children of immigrants and by 2020, almost 30% of all children in the United States will have one or more foreign-born parent.  Yet, there is relatively little known about the population of the children of immigrants under the age of 6.  Most of these children are living in mixed-status families with one or more noncitizen parent and over one-quarter of children of immigrants have an irregular status parent.  From a developmental perspective, this population has higher levels of economic hardships, lower education levels, are surrounded by limited English proficiency, and often interact less with their parents.  These distinct differences for children of mixed status immigrant parents result in the lack of resources and benefits native children possess. These children are missing important security factors that are critical for healthy childhood development.

Read more > > 

 

 


Criminalizing the Undocumented: Ironic Boundaries of the Post-September 11th 'Pale of Law.'
Kanstroom, D. (2004)
Digital Commons @ Boston College Law School
The general hypothesis put forth in this article is that well-accepted historical matrices are increasingly inadequate to address the complex issues raised by various U.S. government practices in the so-called "war on terrorism." The author describes certain stresses that have recently built upon two major legal dichotomies: the citizen/non-citizen and criminal/civil lines. Professor Kanstroom reviews the use of the citizen/non-citizen dichotomies as part of the post-September 11th enforcement regime and considers the increasing convergence between the immigration and criminal justice systems. The article concludes by suggesting the potential emergence of a disturbing new legal system, which contains the worst features of both legal dichotomies.




What Part of ''Illegal''Don't You Understand? The Social Consequences of Criminalizing Unauthorized Mexican Migrants in the United States
Martinez, D., & Slack, J. (2013)
Social & Legal Studies

The social repercussions of criminally persecuting individuals who cross into the United States without official documentation is examined in this study. The "criminalization of immigration law" (Coleman, 2007), deferral- and state-level anti-immigrant initiatives and an incarceration-oriented approach to dealing with unauthorized migration have redefined what it means to be undocumented in the United States, a definition with more sociological implications than ever before. Using strain theory (Agnew, 1992; Merton, 1938) and Cloward and Ohlin's concept of illegitimate means structure (1960), the authors discuss the social ramifications for migrants who are exposed to potentially unfamiliar criminal elements while incarcerated for unauthorized entry. First-hand accounts of migrants' experiences were gathered from face-to-face semi-structured interviews of 210 randomly selected individuals at a migrant shelter in northern Mexico. 

 


BooksREVIEWS

  

Those Damned Immigrants: America's Hysteria over Undocumented Immigration (Citizenship and Migration in the Americas)

Ediberto Román & Michael A. Olivas (2013). NYU Press 

The election of Barack Obama prompted people around the world to herald the dawning of a new, post-racial era in America. Yet, a scant one month after Obama's election, Jose Oswaldo Sucuzhanay, a 31-year old Ecuadorian immigrant, was ambushed, beaten, and killed by a group of white men. The incident is one of countless attacks that Latino/a immigrants have confronted for generations in America. Quick to cast all Latino/a immigrants as illegal, opponents have placed undocumented workers at the center of their anti-immigrant movement, targeting them as being responsible for increasing crime rates, a plummeting economy, and an erosion of traditional American values and culture. In Those Damned Immigrants, Roman takes on critics of immigration reform, using government statistics, economic data, historical records, and social science research to provide a counter-narrative to what he argues is a largely one-sided public discourse on Latino/a immigration.

 

Fatal Journeys: Tracking Lives Lost during Migration 

Brian, t. & Laczko, F. (2014). International Organization for Migration

Drawing upon data from a wide range of sources from different regions of the world, Fatal Journeys: Tracking Lives Lost during Migration investigates how border-related deaths are documented, who is documenting them and what can be done to improve the evidence base to encourage informed accountability, policy, and practice.  Regionally focused chapters present the most recent statistics and address a number of key questions regarding how migrant border-related deaths are enumerated. Chapters address: migration routes through Central America to the United States, with a focus on the United States-Mexico border region; the southern European Union bordering the Mediterranean; routes from sub-Saharan Africa to North Africa; routes taken by migrants emigrating from the Horn of Africa towards the Gulf or Southern Africa and the waters surrounding Australia.


BacktoTopRESOURCES

  

The White House has posted a fact sheet on Immigration Accountability Executive Action (November 20, 2014). This fact sheet provides a summary of the three critical elements of the President's executive actions and the specific actions/steps that will be taken to ensure the implementation of this executive order.

 

The U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) offers a brief summary of the Executive Actions on immigration, a summary of the initiatives that will be taken by USCIS and a list of key questions and answers in relation to these Executive Actions. It is important to mention here that since these initiatives have not been implemented yet, people should subscribe to USCIS's email listserv to receive the latest information and updates on immigration related applications and guidelines. This information is especially useful to families and providers. 

Read more > >

 

The U.S. Department of Homeland Security has posted information on how it will implement the Executive Actions on immigration. This information could be useful to lawyers. 

Read more > > 

 

The National Immigration Law Center offers a summary of yesterday's immigration announcement but most importantly it provides a very practical list of 10 suggestions that will help people to properly prepare for the relevant applications. This list is extremely helpful to families and social workers. 

Read more > >

 

Administrative Relief Resource Center provides information on President Obama's newly immigration reform. It also lists resources and documents on how to access and apply for administrative relief.  

Read more > >

 

"Summary of Administrative Relief" focuses on the expansion of deferred action, memorialized in a Memorandum by Jeh Johnson entitled "Exercising Prosecutorial Discretion with Respect to Individuals Who Came to the United States as Children and with Respect to Certain Individuals Whose Parents are U.S. Citizens or Permanent Residents" and an "Overview of Administrative Relief for Community Members (English)," which provides an outline of administrative relief for community members in English. For more information on these two documents, please click below: 
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EDITORS: C. Burrell, V. Corbera, W. Egmont, L. Falotico, L. Ferreira, K. Kalliontzi, J. Margolis, J. Nomeland and K. Porter