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W.E.B DuBois
"Of our spiritual strivings"
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William Edward Burghardt DuBois was one of this country's most distinguished educators. Born in a small village in Massachusetts in 1868, DuBois first came face to face with the realities of racism in 19th century America while attending Fisk University in Nashville. It was while completing his graduate studies at Harvard University that DuBois wrote an exhaustive study of the history of the slave trade -- one that is still considered one of the most comprehensive on that subject. He was the first African American to earn a Ph.D. from Harvard University in 1895.
In 1897, DuBois took a position with Atlanta University. During his tenure he conducted extensive studies of the social conditions of blacks in America. At the 1900 Paris World's Fair, he created a full-scale exhibit of African American achievement since the Emancipation Proclamation in industrial work, literature, and journalism. It included photo documentation on educational institutions such as Tuskeegee, Fisk, and Howard.
In 1903 he wrote The Souls of Black Folk, which served as the underpinning of access to many of his ideas. In 1905, Dubois, John Hope, Monroe Trotter and 27 others met secretly in the home of Mary B. Talbert, a prominent member of Buffalo's Michigan Street Baptist Church, to adopt the resolutions that led to the founding of the Niagara Movement. The Niagara Movement renounced Booker T. Washington's accommodation policies set forth in his famed "Atlanta Compromise" speech 10 years earlier. The Niagara Movement's manifesto is, in the words of Du Bois, "full manhood suffrage and we want it now.... We are men! We want to be treated as men. And we shall win." The movement was a forerunner of the NAACP.
Despite the establishment of 30 branches and the achievement of a few scattered civil-rights victories at the local level, the group suffered from organizational weakness and lack of funds as well as a permanent headquarters or staff. After the Springfield (Ill.) Race Riot of 1908, however, white liberals joined with the nucleus of Niagara "militants" and founded the NAACP the following year in 1909. The Niagara Movement disbanded in 1910, with the leadership of Du Bois forming the main continuity between the two organizations.
Throughout the first half of the 20th century, DuBois continued to work as an author, lecturer and educator. His teachings were an important influence on the Civil Rights Movement of the 50s and 60s. Ironically, DuBois died on the eve of the historic March on Washington in 1963. Actor and playwright Ossie Davis read an announcement of his death to the 250,000 people gathered the next day at the Washington Monument.
Source: http://www.math.buffalo.edu/~sww/0history/hwny-dubois.html
