As the saying goes, some like it hot. But sweltering temperatures like the ones we experienced recently can be hard to handle, both for people and pets alike. When the temperatures go up, so do the odds of experiencing heat stroke. Heat stroke occurs when the body's cooling mechanisms (for example, panting) aren't able to dissipate excessive heat. This dangerous condition can lead to seizures, organ dysfunction, blood clotting problems, and even death.

Panting alone may not be enough to cool off when the heat is excessive.

One of the most common causes of heat stroke in pets is being left in a parked car. Even with windows partially open, the temperature inside of a vehicle can reach dangerously high levels in a short amount of time. Excessive exercise such as a run or long hike in hot weather may also lead to heat-induced illness, especially for dogs that are overweight or not yet conditioned to the activity. Brachycephalic (or flat-faced) breeds such as French bulldogs, English bulldogs, and pugs are more susceptible to heat stroke than others.

"One of the primary ways that dogs cool off is by panting, and if there is a problem with the larynx or soft palate, they cannot pant and cool off effectively," said Dr. Lynne Morris, a veterinarian in the emergency department at SAGE Dublin. "If you have a brachycephalic breed, or a dog that has developed laryngeal paralysis, it is critical to limit their time outside to the cooler hours and avoid excessive activity."

Brachycephalic breeds, like the French bulldog, are more prone to experiencing heat stroke. Surgical modification of the nose and/or throat often enables these animals to breathe better.

Once the patient reaches the hospital, they are likely to be treated with cooling mechanisms, IV fluids, and other symptomatic care depending on how severely the patient is affected.  Because heat stroke can cause widespread organ failure, doctors may find and treat damage to the liver or kidneys. For dogs more susceptible to suffering heat exhaustion, measures to prevent recurrence may be taken once the animal is stable.