Most cats diagnosed with diabetes need supplemental insulin, at least in the beginning stages of treatment.  However, if diagnosed early and managed properly, many cats can be successfully taken off insulin eventually and managed with appropriate diet and monitoring.  There are several different types of insulin used for treatment in cats.  Some are insulins produced for human use, and others are made exclusively for veterinary patients.  Insulin must be administered as an injection, and this can be a big hurdle for some pet owners.  However, we find that most cats will take an injection much more easily than a pill!  Sometimes it is as simple as setting a dish of food or a treat in front of the cat while administering the injection.

Proper feeding is a key component to successful management of the diabetic patient. A low-carbohydrate, canned diet is essential. Insulin is used to process dietary carbohydrates, and a diet that is low in carbohydrates will help to reduce the cat's dependence on insulin. Cats who are overweight are also at greater risk of developing diabetes, so maintenance of a healthy body weight will help to prevent or control the illness.

Monitoring

Ongoing monitoring of blood sugar levels is also an important

part of diabetes management. Home monitoring is preferred, as the stress associated with coming into the clinic will usually cause a cat's blood sugar levels to rise dramatically.  Most pet owners can successfully learn how to test their cat's blood sugar using a portable blood glucose monitor.  A small drop of blood is obtained by pricking the edge or tip of the ear.  Once an owner has obtained several blood sugar readings, a consultation with the veterinarian is needed to make any adjustments to the insulin dose.

Diabetes can be a devastating diagnosis for a pet owner to receive from their veterinarian, but with a strong commitment to appropriate monitoring, feeding, and treatment, most diabetic cats can be successfully treated.  In fact, if effective treatment is started quickly enough, many of these cats can go on to do very well, even losing their need for supplemental insulin.

• My cat has diabetes, a resource for pet owners facing a new diagnosis of diabetes.
• The Diabetes Center, from Veterinary Partner
• Caring for your diabetic cat, an online video series from the Cornell Feline Health Center. You can watch videos including how to test your cat's blood sugar, and how to administer insulin to your cat.