Articles on patient safety cultures usually discuss the attributes of safe cultures and safe practitioners. A new Delphi study identifies the key attributes in patients that can be important resources for them as they participate their care. 17 international experts on healthcare safety were surveyed; 13 patient attributes that demonstrated a willing capability to be a partner in patient safety were identified. Rated highest were attributes associated with autonomy-the ability to speak up, and the freedom and ability to act independently. Other attributes included:

• Awareness-the ability to recognize possible errors or error prone situations
• Knowledge-health literacy and knowing how to call for help
• Vigilance-being protective of health and focusing on preventing harm.

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