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International Newsletter and Forum on Rigid Gas Permeable Contact Lenses, Corneal Shape, Health and Vision |
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Keratoconus
 Over the last two decades, there has been a revolution in the knowledge related to the diagnosis and management of keratoconus and ectatic corneal diseases, write Gomes et al in Cornea (April 2015). In terms of diagnosis, they state that the advent of corneal topography, and more recently corneal tomography, has increasingly made it possible to identify corneal ectasia at a much earlier stage than was previously possible. The interest in keratoconus is apparently great among eye care practitioners: the most downloaded article in Contact Lens & Anterior Eye (The Jounal of the British Contact Lens Association) is a review of keratoconus. The second most downloaded is a review article on scleral lenses, by the way - both referred to in this newsletter in previous editions. Despite this extensive knowledge, though, regarding the diagnosis and management of keratoconus and ectatic corneal diseases, many controversies still exist. For that reason, a panel of experts set out to achieve global consensus on keratoconus and ectatic diseases and published this in an article. See next items for a few highlights and recommendations.
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Risk Factors, Definitions & Diagnosis
 Consensus was achieved in the paper mentioned above on the statements "keratoglobus and keratoconus are different clinical entities" and "true unilateral keratoconus does not exist." In addition, the "thinning location and pattern" are aspects that distinguish keratoconus, PMD and keratoglobus. Risk factors for keratoconus were defined as: Down syndrome, relatives of affected patients especially if they are young, ocular allergy, ethnic factors (Asian and Arabic), eye rubbing, floppy eyelid syndrome, atopy, connective tissue disorders (Marfan syndrome), Ehlers-Danlos syndrome and Leber congenital amaurosis. Other statements included: "Contact and scleral lenses are extremely important for visual rehabilitation in patients with keratoconus and other corneal ectasias" and "Contact lens use does not slow or halt progression of corneal ectasias." Ectasia progression is defined as a consistent change in steepening of the anterior or the posterior corneal surface and/or changes in corneal thickness. The full paper (free access) can be downloaded from the publisher's website. Image: Jan Pauwels UZ Antwerp BE
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Nonsurgical and Surgical Management
 Continuing with recommendations from the Gomes et al paper in Cornea, as for nonsurgical management: consensus was reached that verbal guidance should be given to patients regarding the importance of not rubbing one's eyes, use of of topical antiallergic mediation (in patients with allergies) and use of topical lubricants (in the case of ocular irritation) to decrease the impulse for eye rubbing. Pregnancy could contribute to acceleration of the progression of ectasia, the paper states. In acute hydrops, nonsurgical management should be attempted before keratoplasty. On the surgical side, first and foremost it is stated that "The consensus was that surgery should be considered when patients were not fully satisfied with nonsurgical treatments." Regarding corneal cross-linking (CXL), agreement was met regarding the importance of the technique with documented clinical progression of the condition. There was no consensus about the use of CXL in subclinical keratoconus. Different surgical techniques, from intrastromal rings to lamellar and penetrating keratoplasties, are discussed in the paper, and a flowchart was created to streamline decision-making.
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To Get into Myopia Control
To give myopia control management a decent chance and a serious place in our practices, it seems that an instrument to measure axial length is paramount to follow and quantify the amount of myopia progression. Refraction alone is not sufficient for this. Michael Lipson from the University of Michigan Kellogg Eye Center (USA) looked at the PalmScan (a handheld instrument) versus the IOLMaster to measure axial length in a group of A; overnight corneal reshaping wearers, B; soft lens wearers, and C; non-contact lens wearers. Overall, the measures of axial length from the two devices were highly correlated, and similarly, measures within each group (A, B and C) between the two methods were highly correlated. Based on the results, it was concluded that the handheld device is a convenient, reliable, and portable device to measure axial length. It can be used to monitor axial length in patients over time.
Lipson, Eye & Contact Lens - April 2015
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The Protective Advantage of Scleral Lenses
A 64-year-old elementary school teacher with bilateral keratoconus had been wearing scleral contact lenses since 2010. She presented to the clinic reporting that one week prior, while fixing a jam in her electric stapler, a staple sprang from the device and hit her left eye with a "force that put a hole through the hard contact." She recalled that immediately after the incident, she experienced moderate pain and conjunctival redness. She removed her left lens, and the eye remained mildly irritated for 1-2 days. When she presented to the clinic one week after the incident, her left eye was white and quiet. She was wearing a backup lens, and entering acuities were 20/25 OD, 20/20- OS. It was speculated that the staple hit the lens and ricocheted away from the eye, with some of the broken lens fragments entering the scleral lens tear chamber and surrounding ocular environment. The rigidity of a scleral contact lens, as well as the deep tear reservoir beneath, provide a strong protective barrier to the cornea and anterior segment. If this patient had not been wearing scleral lenses, the result would presumably have been traumatic.
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Scleral Lenses in Current Ophthalmic Practices Evaluation
Many thanks to everyone who took the time to complete the SCOPE (Scleral Lenses in Current Ophthalmic Practices: An Evaluation) survey. We received over 800 responses from eye care providers in 40 countries representing over 26,000 scleral lens fits. We are beginning to analyze the data, and look forward to sharing our results with the eye care community.
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Upcoming Events
- EAOO, May 14-17, Budapest (HU)
- IACLE 3rd World Conference, May 24-28, Manchester (UK)
- BCLA, May 29-31, Liverpool (UK)
- Keratoconus Management, June 26-27, Hertford (UK)
- EurOK, July 10-12, Budapest (HU)
- ISCLS, Aug 29-Sept 3, St. Gallen (CH)
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I-site is an educational newsletter that is distributed on a monthly basis and provides an update on rigid gas permeable related topics (scientific research, case reports and other publications worldwide). I-site is objective and non-political. Its editor Eef van der Worp, optometrist, PhD, FAAO, FBCLA, FIACLE, FSLS is a lecturer for a variety of industry partners, but is not related to any specific company. Please contact us at: i-site@netherlens.com.
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