International Newsletter and Forum on Rigid Gas Permeable Contact Lenses, Corneal Shape, Health and Vision
 March 2013
In This Issue
Column
Poster-perfect
Ahead of the Curve
Scleral Lenses
I(n)-site-the-practice
Agenda
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Column
All clear(ance)?

Regarding scleral lenses, 'clearance' remains a hot topic, particularly the amount of clearance that is optimal behind a scleral lens. This is highly dependent on the lens diameter: with larger scleral lenses, more clearance can be created. But is this desired? Consensus from the podium at the Global Specialty Lens Symposium (GSLS) was that 'mid-day foggy vision' is probably related to an excess of clearance. A study on this important topic was reported on by William Miller et al from the University of Houston (see also the research review by Loretta Szczotka-Flynn in the February 3 issue of Contact Lenses Today). But the bigger consideration related to clearance is maybe oxygen delivery to the cornea. Signs of hypoxia seem rare in scleral lens wear, unless the endothelium is compromised (see item below). However, a paper presented at GSLS by Langis Michaud et al from the University of Montreal suggests that with the highest Dk materials we have today, and with a lens thickness of 250 microns (typically the minimum at which lenses can be made), no more than 200 microns of clearance should be present - otherwise the Holden/Mertz criteria for minimum oxygen delivery to the cornea would not be met. Does that mean that we all should move toward smaller clearances? Or are we missing something? Greg DeNaeyer also reports on this in Contact Lens Spectrum. The worry with lower clearances is that when it is too minimal, if the lens sinks on the eye it may touch on the cornea. Especially in compromised corneas, this could prove to be problematic. In the case of intrastromal rings, for instance - for sure this is a concern. To keep the cornea clear, we need to stay clear of the cornea, it seems. But maybe not with too much clearance, to avoid edema? It's hard to give a clear answer.

Eef van der Worp

GSLS
Poster-perfect
 

Over 50 clinical and scientific posters were presented at the 2013 Global Specialty Lens Symposium (GSLS). Winners of poster awards in the scientific category included 'Investigation of Myopic Periphery Affecting Choroidal Thickness (IMPACT): 1-Month Results' by Dustin Gardner, Don Mutti and Jeff Walline from the Ohio State University (USA) and 'Eye Surface Profiler: A New Quality in The Measurement of Anterior Eye Surface' by Robert Iskander from Wroclaw University in Poland. In the clinical category, award winners were 'Use of Daily Wear Multifocal Contact Lenses in the Treatment of Convergence Excess' by Erin Kindy, Eddy Smith and William Edmondson from the Southern College of Optometry (USA) and 'Toric Haptics in Scleral Lens Design: A Case Series' by Muriel Schornack from the Mayo Clinic (USA). Special thanks to the GSLS and the poster presenters for making their posters available as PDFs (see respective links above).  
Radiuscope vs Keratometer
Ahead of the Curve
 

Contact Lens & Anterior Eye features a paper by Kambar et al looking at the correlation of back optic zone radius measurement of (R)GP lenses using a keratometer and a radiuscope. The back optic zone radii of 100 spherical PMMA trial contact lenses were measured using a standard radiuscope and a standard keratometer, with a lens holding device positioned on the headrest. The uncorrected back optic zone radius measurements between the two instruments were similar (the mean difference being 0.003mm). With the unavailability of radiuscopes in contact lens practices around the world, a keratometer may be used as a valuable replacement, the study concludes.

Scleral Lenses
In Practice
 

The January 20th issue of Contact Lenses Today presented a photo showing a 13-year-old patient who was poked in the eye with a finger and fingernail during a basketball event. Interestingly, the scleral lens that she was wearing protected her cornea. The force of the trauma broke the lens, and while one half immediately came out of the eye, the other half rested nicely in place, superiorly. The resulting conjunctival hemorrhage apparently occurred as a result of the fingernail scratching the conjunctival surface after sliding off of the scleral lens - but the cornea was unaffected. The January 6th issue of Contact Lenses Today presented a photo showing severe corneal edema beneath a scleral lens on a cornea with a corneal graft. Although clinical signs of edema seem rare in scleral lens wearers, in corneal graft patients this is more likely to occur because of the suboptimal condition of the corneal endothelium. Jason Jedlicka presents a case report on a neurotropic keratitis in Review of Cornea & Contact Lenses. Desperate situations sometimes call for desperate measures, he indicates. Scleral lenses-with their capability of holding a moisture chamber to the corneal surface, ability to vault over the cornea and avoid contact with the corneal surface, and large overall diameter for comfort and stability-may be a an option for treating these conditions. 

I(n)-site-the-practice   
Support for Mini-Scleral Lenses
 
It has becomes obvious that large diameter (R)GP lenses are becoming mainstream, to the point that small RGPs, hybrids and piggyback systems are starting to be referred to as 'scleral alternatives.' This also brings up a lot of unanswered questions. One of them is: considering its diameter (14 to 15 mm), how can a mini-scleral lens work, considering its limited support by the conjunctiva? This article seeks to explore some elements to answer this question. In summary, mini-scleral lenses work because they are supported not only by the conjunctiva, but also (and probably mainly) by the fluid layer and perhaps other mechanisms, according to the author. This is supported by the fact that some lenses that have a particular design do not dig into the conjunctiva over a regular period of wear, as would be expected if the support came only from this area. The shape of the fluid layer, as defined by the lens design, also helps to provide sufficient support over the cornea.
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I-site is an educational newsletter that is distributed on a monthly basis and provides an update on rigid gas permeable related topics (scientific research, case reports and other publications worldwide). I-site is objective and non-political. Its editor Eef van der Worp, optometrist, PhD, FAAO, FBCLA, FIACLE, FSLS is a lecturer for a variety of industry partners, but is not related to any specific company. Please contact us at: i-site@netherlens.com.