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Travelers are urged to use caution as well as prepare for travel delays in many parts of the world:
   
 
UNITED STATES (TRANSPORTATION SECURITY ADMINISTRATION/DHS) - The head of the Transportation Security Administration, facing fierce criticism over long lines at airport security checkpoints, said Wednesday that passengers would probably continue to experience longer than normal wait times because of an expected increase in summer travel. In an effort to ameliorate delays, Peter V. Neffenger, the T.S.A. administrator, told members of the House Homeland Security Committee that the agency was promoting screeners from part time to full time, reassigning hundreds of behavioral detection officers to help on security lines and shifting bomb-detection dog teams to larger airports. Mr. Neffenger's testimony comes just days before millions of Americans are expected to travel over the Memorial Day weekend. The agency has come under fire recently, with some passengers reporting hour's long waits to get through checkpoints. Many airlines say the delays have caused passengers to miss flights. Mr. Neffenger said the long lines were a product of higher-than-forecast passenger numbers, staffing shortages and changes in a program that allowed people who had not signed up for background checks to use expedited security lines. The agency tightened security procedures after federal auditors managed to get fake bombs and weapons past screeners, which has also contributed to the long lines. Congress has authorized the agency to hire 768 additional screeners to handle the expected increase in passengers, which is estimated at 740 million this year, up from 643 million in 2013. Lawmakers shifted $34 million in the T.S.A.'s budget to help the agency pay for the additional screeners, which the agency said would be in place next month. Mr. Neffenger continued to urge travelers to sign up for T.S.A.Precheck, an expedited screening process that allows passengers to keep their shoes on and keep their computers in their bags. Enrollment in the program has fallen short of expectations, exacerbating the longer lines. Mr. Neffenger said about 15,000 people a month were signing up for the program. Despite the changes at the agency, some airports are still considering switching to private companies to provide screeners. Under the T.S.A.'s Screening Partnership Program, 22 of the approximately 450 commercial airports in the country, including San Francisco International Airport, now use private screeners. Some airport executives and Republicans in Congress have proposed hiring private screeners to replace T.S.A. workers. "Congress and T.S.A. must resist Band-Aid fixes to complicated and well-understood aviation security challenges," Mr. Thompson said. "Patching and plugging holes are not answers."

SOUTH AFRICA (CAPE TOWN, WESTERN CAPE PROVINCE) - Localised disruptions to MyCiti bus services have been reported in Cape Town, located in South Africa's Western Cape province, on 26 May. According to reports, the disruptions are the result of an illegal strike action by bus drivers employed by Kidrogen, a vehicle operating company utilised by the MyCiti service. The strike, which was launched at approximately 05:00 local time, has affected scheduled routes between the Dunoon, Table View and Century City areas. The motivation behind the unsanctioned work stoppage is currently unclear. It should be noted that the strike will likely result in an increased demand for other modes of public transport, particularly taxi services, on 26 May. MyCiti officials are reportedly implementing a contingency plan in order to mitigate the impact of the wildcat strike; new busses are reportedly being added to the affected routes when drivers become available. Persons currently operating in Cape Town and intending to utilise MyCiti bus services are advised to contact their travel provider(s) to confirm the status of services. Clients are further advised to monitor local media for updates on the aforementioned strike action, as well as related advisories from the authorities.
 
KENYA (NAIROBI) - A Kidnapping incident, in which at least four suspected perpetrators were killed by security forces, was reported in Nairobi, Kenya, on 22 May. According to reports, a criminal gang comprising of at least four members abducted a woman in Westlands, located in the central business district of the city, on 22 May. The victim was reportedly made to withdraw an unspecified amount of cash from her bank account and held hostage for at least three hours. The victim was then freed in the Kanyariri area of the city, following the electronic payment of a ransom demanded from her family. At least four of the alleged perpetrators were killed during a confrontation with police officers from the Special Crimes Prevention Unit (SCPU) at Nyayo Stadium, following the release of the victim. This incident highlights the high threat of both crime and kidnapping in Kenya, particularly in the country's urban centres, where express kidnapping is a growing concern. Express kidnapping is a criminal tactic involving the short-term abduction of a victim while they are robbed of their possessions and forced to withdraw money from ATMs. Incidents often occur near outdoor ATMs, transport hubs, shopping malls, and busy commercial hubs. Victims are generally chosen at random based on an obvious display of, or perceived, wealth. Foreign nationals, who are often both easily identifiable and vulnerable, are also targeted. Occasionally, an additional ransom is demanded from the victim's family after an initial ATM withdrawal has been made. Precedent suggests that, in these cases, the duration of the abduction is relatively shorter as opposed to traditional Kidnap for Ransom and Extortion (KRE) incidents. Nevertheless, express kidnapping continues to pose a security concern to foreign travellers in Kenya. Persons in Kenya, particularly in urban centres, should remain aware of the prevailing risks of crime and kidnapping. Robust security precautions should be implemented at all times. These include practicing good situational awareness; being alert to suspicious behaviour and/or signs of surveillance. Furthermore, clients are advised to avoid using outdoor ATMs.

TURKEY (MARDIN PROVINCE) - Three security force members were killed during a suicide car bomb attack by Kurdistan Workers' Party (PKK) militants outside the Anitli Gendarmerie Command Headquarters in the Anitli village, located in the Midyat district of the south eastern province of Mardin, overnight on 25 May. Two assailants were killed during the attack. In addition, two security force personnel were hospitalised following the attack. The attack may be connected to the capture of 26 PKK members in the Nusaybin district of Mardin on 25 May. Security operations, which have been ongoing in the region in recent months, have been stepped up in response to the attack.  Mardin province has been affected by low-level violence between security forces and Kurdish militants allied with the PKK since mid-2015. The authorities have responded with heavy police and military deployments, and have implemented curfews in many areas. Similar incidents were reported in April and March, when a number of soldiers were killed and wounded as a result of car bomb attacks in neighbouring Diyarbakir province. Given the currents dynamics, conflict is expected to persist for the short-term at least. All non-essential travel to a number of Turkey's south eastern provinces, including Mardin, is advised against due to the risk of conflict between the Turkish military and Kurd rebels, as well as elevated risks of terrorism, civil unrest, kidnapping and crime.

INDIA (DOMBIVALI, MUMBAI) - A number of people were killed in an explosion at a chemical factory in the town of Dombivali, located 10km outside Mumbai, on 26 May. Dozens more people were injured in the blast. Travel disruptions have been reported in the vicinity of the blast. India's infrastructure has been developing rapidly in recent years. However, lax environmental and regulatory regimes often result in catastrophic industrial accidents, along with large numbers of unreported incidents. Travel disruptions are likely in the affected areas as rescue personnel tend to the scene. Clients in or travelling through Dombivali area advised to avoid the affected area and to monitor local media for relevant updates.

SOUTH AFRICA (ENNERDALE, JOHANNESBURG, GAUTENG PROVINCE) - Significant travel disruptions have been reported in the Ennerdale area of Johannesburg, located in South Africa's Gauteng province, as a result of an ongoing protest action on 26 May. Local media reports indicate that residents have used burning tyres and rocks to barricade all entry and exit points to the area. The agitation is said to have started between 00:30 and 04:00 local time. Local security forces have been deployed to the area to address the unrest. Local authorities have attributed the current unrest to housing grievances; local residents are reportedly protesting against the cost and allocation of accommodation in the area. Protests and demonstrations stemming from housing and service delivery disputes are common in low-income areas throughout South Africa. Such gatherings frequently turn violent, leading to disruptions to traffic, businesses and service delivery. Persons currently operating in Johannesburg are advised to avoid the Ennerdale area until such a time as the situation has stabilised. Local media should be monitored for updates on the protest action, as well as related advisories from the local authorities. Clients are further advised to make allowances for localised travel and business disruptions in the vicinity of the demonstrations.

TRINIDAD & TOBAGO - The security forces have reportedly received information via social media of a security threat to shopping centres in Trinidad and Tobago during the Corpus Christi holiday (from 26 May). The threat reportedly takes the form of planned bomb attacks against shopping centres between 26 and 30 May. Some centres in the country have increased security at their sites as a precaution and are liaising with the security forces. The police are investigating the source of the threat and have urged people to remain calm and to report suspicious activity to the authorities. There is a low risk of terrorism in the country and it is likely that the recent threat is a hoax. Nonetheless, indications via the media are that the authorities are taking the threat seriously. Additional police patrols and checkpoints are possible in the vicinity of shopping centres in the coming days as police investigate the threat. Clients in Trinidad and Tobago, particularly near shopping centres, should exercise a heightened level of personal security awareness and report suspicious persons and packages to the local authorities.

SYRIA (AL-RAQQA GOVERNORATE) -  military offensive led by the Kurdish People's Protection Units (YPG) and US-backed Syrian Democratic Forces (SDF) coalition is ongoing north of the Islamic State (IS) stronghold of Raqqa city in northern Syria. On 25 May, the force reportedly seized the Namrodia and Matmashraja areas near Ain Issa. The offensive was launched on 24 May. The military offensive is one of a number that are currently being led against IS in Syria and Iraq. In Syria, the SDF forces have made significant gains against IS in recent months. Raqqa city and Mosul in Iraq are two key areas for IS. Losing either one of these centres would be a major blow to the organisation. The assault on Raqqa city, should it eventually occur, is likely to take several weeks at least. IS forces are well established in the city. In light of the assault, IS may escalate attacks, including bombings and complex assaults, in SDF-controlled territory along the north of the country bordering Turkey over the near-term. Clients are advised against all travel to Syria. Persons in the country should travel with a security escort and ensure that crisis management plans are regularly reviewed and updated.

IRAQ (FALLUJAH (ANBAR GOVERNORATE), KIRKUK (KIRKUK GOVERNORATE) & BASHIK MOUNTAIN) - (Update) Fighting persists in multiple central and northern areas of Iraq. A pro-government operation to recapture the Islamic State (IS)-held city of Fallujah, in Anbar governorate, is ongoing. Fighting between IS and pro-government forces has been reported in multiple fronts, including in the Al-Karma area. Further north, Kurd Peshmerga forces repelled an IS assault in the Tel Rabaa area, 25km south of Kirkuk. Further north, Peshmerga forces killed two IS suicide bombers who had attempted to enter Kurd-held territory in the Bashik Mountain vicinity near Mosul. Fighting in Anbar governorate is expected to persist for a number of weeks. Fallujah is a key city for IS, given its proximity to the capital, Baghdad. Along the frontline in the north, between IS- and Kurd-held territory, sporadic fighting persists. Clashes and attempted infiltrations are reported weekly. These incidents are also expected to continue for the medium-term at least. Kurd forces maintain a good capability to prevent infiltration into its core territory, the Kurdistan Regional Government (KRG)-controlled region; however, successful infiltrations and attacks remain a persistent concern. Clients are advised against all travel to several central and northern governorates in Iraq, including Anbar, Baghdad, Kirkuk, and Ninewa. Persons operating in these areas should do so with a security escort. Recent violence-affected areas should be avoided.

KYRGYZSTAN (BISHKEK) - A small protest gathering is currently taking place outside the US Embassy in Kyrgyzstan's capital, Bishkek, on 26 May. Protesters reportedly gathered outside the embassy, which is located on Prospect Mira, at approximately 10:00 local time amid a large police deployment. The demonstration has been organised in opposition to microfinance institutions, which reportedly include American corporations. The protest forms part of a long-running campaign against the practices of microfinance institutions in the country, which activists believe are exploitative. Only moderate disruptions have been reported thus far and the demonstration is expected to conclude peacefully. All protest gatherings and concentrations of security forces should be avoided as a standard precaution against civil unrest. Clients are further advised to anticipate potential disruptions in the vicinity of the US Embassy.

ARGENTINA (ROSARIO, SANTA FE PROVINCE) - A student-led demonstration is anticipated in the city of Rosario, in Argentina's Santa Fe province, on 26 May. The protest has been organised over a range of grievances, including the lack of resources in tertiary education, as well as education sector policies of President Mauricio Macri's administration. Participants are expected to gather at Plaza San Martin at 17:00 local time and proceed to the Monumento a la Bandera. The demonstration is expected to be well attended and will likely result in localised road travel disruptions along the protest route. The risk of violence is low; however the possibility of isolated skirmishes cannot be discounted. Clients in Rosario on 26 May are advised to avoid all street protests as a standard precaution. Allowances should be made for potential localised travel disruptions.

NEPAL - Members of the National Federation of Nepal Transport Entrepreneurs (NFNTE) have called for countrywide protests and accompanying agitation on 26 May. Transport operators and workers scheduled to erect roadblocks and disrupt traffic at key intersections in opposition to a government-initiated traffic offence fee increase. Major disruptions are likely in the capital, Kathmandu, as well as urban centres such as Pokhara and Lalitpur. Participants are likely to erect roadblocks on highways and key thoroughfares; these are likely to cause transport disruptions for motorists travelling to and from Kathmandu. As with all protests in Nepal, civil unrest and violent clashes cannot be ruled out, especially if authorities act to disperse protests or dismantle roadblocks. Persons in Nepal are advised to monitor local developments closely for information regarding the upcoming protests and agitations. All demonstrations, concentrations of security forces and unofficial roadblocks should be avoided as a standard precaution. Heightened caution is advised in Nepal's southern Terai region due to the elevated levels of civil unrest and associated violence, as well as the region's history of conflict and terrorism.

INDIA (JAMMU & KASHMIR STATE) - Separatist leaders in India's northern Jammu and Kashmir state have called for a state-wide general strike (known locally as a 'bandh'), on 26 May. Associated protests have also been organised on 27 May. The strike action has been called by leaders of the All Parties Hurriyat Conference (APHC), the Syed Ali Shah Geelani-led faction of the APHC, and the Jammu Kashmir Liberation Front (JKLF). The agitation is in protest against the proposed construction of separate clusters for Kashmiri Pandits and the establishment of Sainik colonies. The upcoming strike and protests are likely to be well observed and attended, respectively. Associated demonstrations coinciding with the strike period in Jammu and Kashmir state on 26 May are also possible. It should be noted that the threat of violence occurring at any related protests is considered elevated. Additionally, the strike is likely to result in business closures and public transport disruptions across the state. Clients are advised against all non-essential travel to the northern state of Jammu and Kashmir (except the eastern Ladakh region) due to a number of ongoing security concerns. Persons in region on 26 and 27 May should avoid all street protests as a standard precaution. Clients should also reconfirm all scheduled transportation services with their travel provider or the relevant transport authority, and adjust itineraries to cater for potential travel delays.

INDIA (KOLKATA) - Heightened security measures have been implemented in Kolkata, located in India's West Bengal state, ahead of the inauguration of the state's chief minister, Mamata Banerjee, expected to take place on 27 May. An inaugural ceremony will be held in the vicinity of Indira Ghandi Sarani (Red Road); localised traffic-restrictions, including the closure of the aforementioned road, were implemented on 23 May and are expected to remain in place until 29 May. In addition, authorities have rerouted southbound traffic through Mayo and Kingsway roads, while traffic from Kidderpore road will be redirected towards Outram and Dufferin roads. Security force personnel have been deployed to the affected area and barricades have been erected in anticipation of the forthcoming event, expected to be attended by numerous foreign dignitaries and politicians. Furthermore, supporters of the ruling Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) have called for roadblocks to be erected on Indira Ghandi Sarani, a key thoroughfare in the city, in opposition to its temporary closure. Banerjee's All India Trinamool Congress (AITC) won a landslide victory in West Bengal, securing 211 out of the 294 available assembly seats, amid the six-phase legislative assembly elections held from 11 April until 5 May. This will mark Banerjee's second consecutive term as Chief Minister of West Bengal. The elections were marred by sporadic incidents of violence, largely between opposing groups of supporters from the Communist Party of India-Marxist (CPM) and the AITC political parties; casualties were reported amid election-related violence. As such, there remains an elevated risk of unrest and politically-motivated violence at the upcoming event. Additionally, in the event of a BJP-led roadblock, the possibility of violence is elevated, due to the risk of sporadic clashes or incidents of violence between supporters of the BJP and opposition groups, as well as clashes involving the security forces. Due to the number of high-profile guests expected to attend, a significantly elevated security force presence is likely to be in place. Security has also been heightened due to a Maoist insurgency that has been ongoing across the remote and rural areas of West Bengal for several decades. The Maoist rebels (also known as Naxalites) have been battling the central government and claim to represent the indigenous, 'landless' tribal peoples of rural India. They view the state legislative elections as largely illegitimate, and may seek to disrupt the inaugural ceremony through small-scale gun and bomb attacks or acts of sabotage on government facilities. Due to the traffic restricts currently in place, congestion and localised disruptions are anticipated in the coming days. Clients are advised against non-essential travel to rural and remote areas of West Bengal, due to the Maoist insurgency. Persons in Kolkata are advised to maintain a low profile and avoid all politically motivated events. All suspicious persons and/or packages should be reported to the authorities; local developments should be closely monitored. Localised disruptions should be expected in the vicinity of Indira Ghandi Sarani (Red Road) until 29 May.

INDIA (DELHI) - A protest march, called by the opposition Indian National Congress, is scheduled to be held in India's capital, Delhi, on 28 May. Participants are expected to assemble at Raj Ghat memorial at 18:00 local time and proceed to the Delhi Secretariat.The protest march has been called in opposition to the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP)-led government's perceived lack of response to the ongoing water and energy shortage in Delhi. The protest march is expected to be well attended. As such, additional security forces may be deployed on the day, and localised travel disruptions are also likely. Although likely to remain peaceful, it should be noted that there is a risk of civil unrest at all protests in India. Clients in Delhi on 28 May are advised to monitor local media for updates on the planned protest and additional directives from the local authorities. All street demonstrations in the city should be avoided as a precaution. Caution is advised in the vicinity of the anticipated protest route.

ETHIOPIA - On 28 May, Ethiopia is expected to commemorate National Day (also known as Derg Downfall Day), an annual event which marks the end of the civil war and Derg regime. The day is usually commemorated with military parades, memorial services, and other public events which are generally centred on the capital, Addis Ababa. Heightened security measures are anticipated in and around public gatherings and commemorative events. National Day commemorates the collapse of the Coordinating Committee of the Armed Forces, Police, and Territorial Army (Derg) regime, which governed the country from 1974 until 1991 and ousted Emperor Halie Selassie in 1975. Associated events will likely be subject to stringent security measures, in order to prevent any potential acts of violence. Ethiopia continues to be assessed as being at an elevated terrorism threat from the Somalia-based al-Shabaab Islamist extremist group; the group has threatened to execute attacks against Ethiopian interests amid the country's ongoing military involvement in neighbouring Somalia. In addition, commemorative gatherings and other related festivities are likely to cause significant disruptions to business and transportation services across the country, particularly in the capital. Clients in Ethiopia, particularly in Addis Ababa, on 28 May should anticipate travel disruptions due to the anticipated public commemorative events and associated increased security measures. Clients are further advised to exercise caution and heightened security awareness, particularly at venues where celebrations will take place, as well as in other high-risk areas, such as crowded marketplaces, public transport hubs and entertainment establishments. Itineraries should be kept flexible in order to mitigate any potential travel delays on the day.

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