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Naming of the ECIS Arrays

You may have wondered what the various numbers and letters refer to when naming the different ECIS electrode arrays. For example, what is the difference between the 8W10E and the 8W10E+? Why does the number 10 occur in each name in spite of that fact that there are 10 active electrodes in the 8W10E array but 40 small electrodes in the 8W10E+?

Let me try to explain the system for naming.

Well number

The first part of the naming is obvious - 8W is for eight wells and 96W for the standard 96 well platform. This is followed by a description of the electrodes in each well.

Electrode configuration

Let's begin with the 8W1E array. This has a single 250 micrometer diameter electrode (5 x10^-4 cm²) with a large counter electrode completing the circuit. The area of counter electrode is several hundred times that of the small electrode and essentially is not part of the measurement (large electrodes having very small impedance values). When one does an electrode check (4000 Hz) with the 8W1E array without cells, we measure the capacitance of this small electrode - about 6nF. The capacitance scales with the area, so the 8W10E array with 10 small electrodes on a gold pad (again with a large counter electrode) will have 10 times the capacitance or about 60 nF.

Now to the more complicated part - consider the 10E+ arrays where we have 20 small electrodes on the same gold pad and another 20 small electrodes on another pad (instead of a large counter electrode). Each group of 20 has a combined capacitance of 20 x 6 nF or about 120 nF, but these two groups of electrodes are connected in series through the tissue culture medium. When two identical capacitors are connected in series, their net capacitance is only half that of the single capacitor. So the 10E+ with its total of 40 small electrodes will have the same capacitance as the standard 10E array - namely 60 nF (1/2 of 120 nF). That is the key, the number before the E or idf (inter-digitated fingers) is reporting the expected capacitance that you should measure during an electrode check based on 6 nF for the 1E. Just multiply the number in the array name by 6 nF and that is the expected capacitance of the open electrode measured at 4000 Hz.

So with that background, hopefully you see a 96W10idf has 96 wells and should give an open capacitance of 60nF, the 96W1E+ should give about 6nF and the 96W20idf about 120nF.

Remember, if you have open electrodes with less that the expected capacitance they may require treatment with cysteine or electrode stabilization. (see the Oct 2014 Tip of the Month for more information) The ECIS Connection Archives

ECIS Application Webinar Series

ECIS application webinars review the topics listed below in 20 to 30 minute, web-based, interactive seminars presented by Applied BioPhysics president and co-founder, Dr. Charles Keese.

All webinars are held at 11:00 am EST. To register for a webinar, please go to: https://appliedbiophysics.webex.com and scroll to the webinar date of interest.

Automated Cell Migration - February 2, 2016

Barrier Function Assays - February 16, 2016

Real-time Electroporation and Monitoring - March 1, 2016

Cell Attachment and Spreading Measurements - March 15, 2016

Signal Transduction Assays - April 5, 2016

Toxicology with ECIS - April 19, 2016

Professor Chu Ming Lo of Yang Ming University of Taiwan leading a session on ECIS Theory during a customer training course at Shanghai Technical University, January 12 and 13, 2016

The ECIS training course was given in cooperation between Dakewe and Sunpoint and allowed for ECIS training in Chinese. ECIS training courses have taken place in Troy, NY, Munich, Germany, Taipei, Taiwan and most recently Shanghai, China. For inquiries as to the next ECIS training course please contact Applied BioPhysics or the distributor nearest you.

Latest ECIS Software

The latest version of the software is v1.2.215 available from: http://www.biophysics.com/software/ECIS_Software_v1_2_215.msi

Software Tip:

If you have a graph that you like, but wish to extract the displayed data for analysis or plotting in a different program, go to File | Export Data | Graph Data. This will produce a CSV file with the Time and Value for each well. There is also a prompt for whether the Comments should also be appended. This can be useful when applying normalization or other data processing in ECIS and not having to repeat the calculations in Excel. Note that the exported graph data cannot be read back into ECIS for display.

Tradeshows & Events

SOT Annual Meeting
March 13 - 17, 2016
New Orleans, LA

Experimental Biology
April 2 - 6, 2016
San Diego, CA

AACR Annual Meeting
April 17 - 20, 2016
New Orleans, LA

ATS 2016
May 13 - 18, 2016
San Francisco, CA

Blood Brain Barrier Conference
June 15 - 17, 2016
Westin Waterfront Hotel
Boston, MA

Recent Publications

Hampel, Ulrike, et al. "In vitro effects of docosahexaenoic and eicosapentaenoic acid on human meibomian gland epithelial cells." Experimental eye research 140 (2015): 139-148.

Tauseef, Mohammad, et al. "Transient receptor potential channel 1 maintains adherens junction plasticity by suppressing sphingosine kinase 1 expression to induce endothelial hyperpermeability." The FASEB Journal 30.1 (2016): 102-110.

Thompson, Leslie C., et al. "Pulmonary instillation of MWCNT increases lung permeability, decreases gp130 expression in the lungs, and initiates cardiovascular IL-6 transsignaling." American Journal of Physiology-Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology 310.2 (2016): L142-L154.

Kourtidis, Antonis, et al. "Distinct E-cadherin-based complexes regulate cell behaviour through miRNA processing or Src and p120 catenin activity." Nature cell biology (2015).

Ji, Jiafu, et al. "WISP-2 in human gastric cancer and its potential metastatic suppressor role in gastric cancer cells mediated by JNK and PLC-γ pathways." British journal of cancer 113.6 (2015): 921-933.

Meir, Michael, et al. "Glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor promotes barrier maturation and wound healing in intestinal epithelial cells in vitro." American journal of physiology. Gastrointestinal and liver physiology 309.8 (2015): G613-24.

de Vallière, Cheryl, et al. "The pH-sensing receptor OGR1 improves barrier function of epithelial cells and inhibits migration in an acidic environment." American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology 309.6 (2015): G475-G490.

Yang, Fan, et al. "Minocycline ameliorates hypoxia-induced blood-brain barrier damage by inhibition of HIF-1α through SIRT-3/PHD-2 degradation pathway." Neuroscience 304 (2015): 250-259.

Chiang, Nan, et al. "Identification of resolvin D2 receptor mediating resolution of infections and organ protection." The Journal of experimental medicine212.8 (2015): 1203-1217.

Sambale, Franziska, et al. "In vitro toxicological nanoparticle studies under flow exposure." Journal of Nanoparticle Research 17.7 (2015): 1-12.

Sabbineni, Harika, et al. "Genetic deletion and pharmacological inhibition of Akt1 isoform attenuates bladder cancer cell proliferation, motility and invasion." European journal of pharmacology 764 (2015): 208-214.

Rom, Slava, et al. "miR-98 and let-7g* protect the blood-brain barrier under neuroinflammatory conditions." Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism35.12 (2015): 1957-1965.

Cavet, Megan E., et al. "Regulation of Endothelin-1-Induced Trabecular Meshwork Cell Contractility by Latanoprostene BunodLatanoprostene Bunod: Effect on Trabecular Meshwork." Investigative ophthalmology & visual science 56.6 (2015): 4108-4116.

Koning, N. J., et al. "Endothelial hyperpermeability after cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass as assessed using an in vitro bioassay for endothelial barrier function." British Journal of Anaesthesia 116.2 (2016): 223-232.

Shaver, Ciara M., et al. "Cell-free hemoglobin: a novel mediator of acute lung injury." American Journal of Physiology-Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology (2016): ajplung-00155.

Heijink, I. H., et al. "Budesonide and fluticasone propionate differentially affect the airway epithelial barrier." Respiratory research 17.1 (2016): 2.

Yang, Jen Ming, et al. "A quantitative cell modeling and wound-healing analysis based on the Electric Cell-substrate Impedance Sensing (ECIS) method." Computers in Biology and Medicine 69 (2016): 134-143.

Chen, Jie, et al. "Urinary trypsin inhibitor attenuates LPS-induced endothelial barrier dysfunction by upregulation of vascular endothelial-cadherin expression." Inflammation Research (2015): 1-12.

Wang, Sheila C., et al. "Tumour endothelial marker-8 in wound healing and its impact on the proliferation and migration of keratinocytes." International journal of molecular medicine 37.2 (2016): 293-298.

Das, Debanjan, et al. "Wavelet-based multiscale analysis of bioimpedance data measured by electric cell-substrate impedance sensing for classification of cancerous and normal cells." Physical Review E 92.6 (2015): 062702.

Szöőr, Árpád, et al. "Cell confluence induces switching from proliferation to migratory signaling by site-selective phosphorylation of PDGF receptors on lipid raft platforms." Cellular signalling 28.2 (2016): 81-93.

Tsumura, Hideki, et al. "Conditional deletion of CD98hc inhibits osteoclast development." Biochemistry and Biophysics Reports 5 (2016): 203-210.

Torrejon, Karen Y., et al. "Bioengineered glaucomatous 3D human trabecular meshwork as an in vitro disease model." Biotechnology and bioengineering(2015).

Shen, Yu-Fei, et al. "Histone deacetylase 4 increases progressive epithelial ovarian cancer cells via repression of p21 on fibrillar collagen matrices." Oncology reports 35.2 (2016): 948-954.

Nusshold, Christoph, et al. "Assessment of electrophile damage in a human brain endothelial cell line utilizing a clickable alkyne analog of 2-chlorohexadecanal." Free Radical Biology and Medicine 90 (2016): 59-74.

Zhang, Caiqing, et al. "Catalpol downregulates vascular endothelial-cadherin expression and induces vascular hyperpermeability." Molecular medicine reports 13.1 (2016): 373-378.

Shao, Min, et al. "Rac1 mediates HMGB1-induced hyperpermeability in pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells via MAPK signal transduction."

Molecular medicine reports 13.1 (2016): 529-535.

Jian, Ming-Yuan, et al. "N-cadherin coordinates AMP kinase-mediated lung vascular repair." American Journal of Physiology-Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology 310.1 (2016): L71-L85.

Bass, Heather M., et al. "Thrombomodulin Induces a Quiescent Phenotype and Inhibits Migration in Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells In Vitro." Annals of vascular surgery 30 (2016): 149-156.

Vliet, Erwin A., et al. "Blood-brain barrier leakage after status epilepticus in rapamycin-treated rats II: Potential mechanisms." Epilepsia (2015).

Hobson, Adrian D., et al. "Discovery of A-971432, An Orally Bioavailable Selective Sphingosine-1-Phosphate Receptor 5 (S1P5) Agonist for the Potential Treatment of Neurodegenerative Disorders." Journal of medicinal chemistry 58.23 (2015): 9154-9170.

Boratkó, Anita, et al. "Elongation factor-1A1 is a novel substrate of the protein phosphatase 1-TIMAP complex." The international journal of biochemistry & cell biology 69 (2015): 105-113.

Peitzman, Elizabeth R., et al. "Agonist binding to β-adrenergic receptors on human airway epithelial cells inhibits migration and wound repair." American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology 309.12 (2015): C847-C855.

Sorrell, Tania C., et al. "Cryptococcal transmigration across a model brain blood-barrier: evidence of the Trojan horse mechanism and differences between Cryptococcus neoformans var. grubii strain H99 and Cryptococcus gattii strain R265." Microbes and Infection 18.1 (2016): 57-67.

Nickols, Jordan, et al. "Lipopolysaccharide-induced pulmonary endothelial barrier disruption and lung edema: critical role for bicarbonate stimulation of AC10." American Journal of Physiology-Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology 309.12 (2015): L1430-L1437.

Moughon, Diana L., et al. "Macrophage Blockade Using CSF1R Inhibitors Reverses the Vascular Leakage Underlying Malignant Ascites in Late-Stage Epithelial Ovarian Cancer." Cancer research 75.22 (2015): 4742-4752.

Piegeler, T., et al. "Clinically relevant concentrations of lidocaine and ropivacaine inhibit TNFα-induced invasion of lung adenocarcinoma cells in vitro by blocking the activation of Akt and focal adhesion kinase." British journal of anaesthesia 115.5 (2015): 784-791.

Suresh, Karthik, et al. "Hydrogen peroxide-induced calcium influx in lung microvascular endothelial cells involves TRPV4." American Journal of Physiology-Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology 309.12 (2015): L1467-L1477.

De Vries, Maaike, et al. "Pim1 kinase activity preserves airway epithelial integrity upon house dust mite exposure." American Journal of Physiology-Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology 309.11 (2015): L1344-L1353.

Borgas, Diana, et al. "Cigarette Smoke Disrupted Lung Endothelial Barrier Integrity and Increased Susceptibility to Acute Lung Injury via Histone Deacetylase 6." American journal of respiratory cell and molecular biology ja (2015).

Wu, Limin, et al. "Neuregulin1-β decreases interleukin-1β-induced RhoA activation, myosin light chain phosphorylation, and endothelial hyperpermeability." Journal of neurochemistry (2015).

Kargl, J., et al. "GPR55 promotes migration and adhesion of colon cancer cells indicating a role in metastasis." British journal of pharmacology 173.1 (2016): 142-154.

Xiao, Bo, et al. "Hyaluronic acid-functionalized polymeric nanoparticles for colon cancer-targeted combination chemotherapy." Nanoscale 7.42 (2015): 17745-17755.

Persidsky, Yuri, et al. "Dysfunction of brain pericytes in chronic neuroinflammation." Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism (2015): 0271678X15606149.

Cahoon, Judd M., et al. "Intravitreal AAV2. COMP-Ang1 prevents neurovascular degeneration in a murine model of diabetic retinopathy." Diabetes (2015): db141030.

Vogt, Leonie M., et al. "Cellulose alters the expression of nuclear factor kappa B-related genes and Toll-like receptor-related genes in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells." Journal of Functional Foods 18 (2015): 520-531.

ECIS Humor Need a good laugh? Visit the ECIS Cartoons page of our website to view cartoons by Catherine, our in-house cartoonist, to start your day with a smile. Are you the creative type? Submit one of your own cartoons; if we post it on our website we will send you a free array!