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Issue 104 September 2016

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Engineers vital for sustained development
by Prof. Tania Hanekom, University of Pretoria

Technology has changed significantly over the past century from the mainly mechanically-driven to technologies controlled electrically. This, however, requires competence and innovation... (more)

Mutual termination of employment in terms of a settlement agreement
by Stephen Khola, ECA

Clauses in employment agreements in terms of which the services of the employee can be terminated with certain notice periods are quite common. As we know, this is no simple matter... (more)

Is it legal to "trap" employees suspected of theft?
by Shantonette Pillay, ECA

Have you ever wondered if you're allowed to trap an employee you suspect of stealing from you? The short answer is yes, you may, but you will have to do it lawfully or else you will lose your case... (more)

"You're too creative to be an engineer" and other myths
by Liam Hayes, Aurecon

The engineers of yesteryear spent hours painstakingly drawing designs for bridges, buildings and other infrastructure. They navigated the boundaries with slide rules and log tables... (more)

How to generate warm white light with LEDs
by Andreas Stich, Horst Varga, Christian Neugrig, Jan Marfeld and Felix Michel, Osram Opto Semiconductors

An innovation in the development of solid-state lighting technology makes it possible to generate warm white light with high colour rendering index. In many lighting applications, conventional light sources are being replaced with technologies such as compact fluorescent or LED... (more)

The selection and application of occupancy sensors
by Stirling Marais, Cosine Developments

This article explores occupancy sensors, their types, advantages, disadvantages and their installation criteria. Occupancy sensors reduce energy consumption by only activating lighting if people are present. They use a variety of techniques to do so... (more)

A guide to miniature circuit breakers
Information from SAFEhouse

In South Africa, miniature circuit breakers (MCBs) have become so commoditised over the past 20 years that their all-important function has been blurred and, in most cases, misunderstood. The MCB replaced the fuse in incoming distribution boards in the 1960s... (more)

A new era of initiatives for the next industrial revolution
by Martin Krueger, Rainer Drath, Heiko Koziolek and Zied Ouertani, ABB

A new era of industrial innovation is upon us. Referred to as the fourth industrial revolution (Industry 4.0), the deeper meshing of the digital world with the world of machines holds the potential to bring about profound transformation to global industry... (more)

Mitigating the effect of voltage sags on VSDs

by Mike Rycroft, EE Publishers

Voltage ride through is a common feature in power quality systems which allows equipment to continue operation (maintenance of the voltage) during voltage dips and sags appearing on the grid. However these systems do not always guarantee continued operation... (more)

Numerically controlled machine tools Part 3

by JC Morris, 1972

In Part 3 of this article, we explore the dawn of numerical control with emphasis on machining centres, dimensional and profiling applications, as well as manufacturing systems. The first numerically controlled (NC) machine commercially available to industry was simple... (more)

Explosive gas atmospheres: flash fires at filling stations
by Pieter Coetzee, Explotac

Far too many fires and burn injuries result from the careless or inappropriate use of petrol because it is so common in our environment. We tend to think of petrol as safe but it gives off highly flammable vapour even at very low temperatures... (more)

Applying handheld test tools to preventive maintenance
Information from Comtest

Preventive maintenance is far more cost-effective and efficient than performing maintenance when failures occur. Unplanned downtime caused by equipment failures costs manufacturers millions in revenue every year... (more)