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Osteoporosis is the thinning of bone tissue and the loss of bone density over time, which leads to bone fragility and an increase in susceptibility to fractures. Symptoms of Osteoporosis for women usually occur after menopause (although it can also affect men) yet women in perimenopause begin to experience declines in estrogen (necessary for re-absorption of bone minerals) which can lead to Osteoporosis.
 
According to the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG), 13-18% of U.S. women aged 50 years and older have Osteoporosis while another 37-50% have low bone mass (Osteopenia), both of which can increase the risk of fracture. The most common fractures are found in the hip, spine and wrist, although any bone can be affected.
 
During perimenopause it is important to measure your risk factors for osteoporosis and take action toward prevention. 
 
Symptoms
Typically, the beginning stages are undetectable by x-ray and the first symptom of osteoporosis includes spontaneous fracture without falling or other impact or, in serious cases, from a simple action such as a sneeze. Other symptoms include back pain, loss of height or difficulty standing or sitting up straight. 
 
Risk factors: 
Risk factors include: 

Diagnosis
Specialized tests called bone mineral density (BMD) tests can measure bone density in various sites of the body. Experts recommend a type of BMD test using a central DXA (which stands for dual energy x-ray absorptiometry). Even a decrease in only one standard deviation leads to a doubling of fracture risk.
 
Prevention

 For more information, talk to your health care provider or visit the National Osteoporosis Foundation at www.nof.org.