NWAC/FOAC banner
Friends of NWAC Update
Spring 2011
Bear Pits fracture

Greetings all and happy spring!  It is spring right?  The calendar says it is, so we are taking the opportunity to send you this spring update and season summary as we wrap up another successful winter supporting NWAC and promoting avalanche awareness.

 

The winter of 2010/11 will certainly be one to remember, as La Nina lived up to her reputation...if a bit sporadically.  The winter started with a bang with some great skiing prior to Thanksgiving and through the holidays, but then disappeared for about a month and half until the middle of February.  Some alternating rain events and cold, dry  weather during this time resulted in the formation of "the MLK crust", a crust layer that formed following the heavy rain on Martin Luther King weekend.  This crust haunted us throughout the rest of the winter and is still lingering deep in the snowpack.   

 

The heavy snow that finally arrived in late February and lasted well into April put quite a stress on this weak layer, and as a result, we experienced a number of late season avalanche accidents, three of which resulted in fatalities.  We also witnessed several extremely large avalanches, including those at Crystal Mountain and Mt Hood Meadows, which kept all of us on our toes throughout the rest of the season...and still today.  At this point, we are entering the spring season with a snowpack that will last well into the summer, as many weather stations have recorded near record snow totals and the snowpack is at its season high in many areas...and it is early May!! 

 

In the end, we were lucky to have as few accidents as we did, and we hope that the NWAC forecasts and our efforts to raise awareness about the avalanche hazard have had an impact.  

 

One thing we know for sure is that our efforts would not be possible without the support of our members, sponsors and the backcountry community as a whole.  We can't thank you enough!

 


The Friends of NWAC

Highlights

Matt Popoff sled photoThe past season was a busy one for FOAC!  At the risk of doing a little self-promotion, following are some of the highlights... 

  

 

 

  • Held the 10th annual Snowbash to kick off the season at the Tractor Tavern to a packed house.
  • Rolled out phase 2 of the new web site implementing the danger rose and a graphical display of the telemetry data.
  • Partnered with REI to conduct 13 free avalanche awareness classes at REI stores reaching a total of 443 students.  Conducted an additional 11 classes reaching 348 students, for a total of 24 classes and 791 students.
  • Funded the Alpine Safety Awareness Program to conduct their snowmobile education program. 
  • Produced and distributed roughly 3000 avalanche safety brochures, 7500 avalanche hotline cards and 2500 avalanche safety checklist cards.
  • Published NWAC awareness campaigns in two regional snow sport magazines. 
  • Surpassed 2000 Facebook friends, increasing our ability to reach out to the community with avalanche warnings and updates.
  • Provided $2000 in funding for the 4th annual Northwest Snow and Avalanche Summit, a full day of avalanche education with an audience of over 200 people.
  • Partnered with Outdoor Research, the Summit at Snoqualmie, Pro Guiding, Mountain Gear and Osprey to put on the 5th annual Vertfest - expanded to a full weekend of clinics, races and festivities.
  • Hosted the third annual Snowball Dinner and Auction to a sell-out crowd of 290 who helped raise over $50,000 for NWAC and avalanche awareness!
  • And most importantly, worked (and continue to work) with the Washington State legislature to restore funding for NWAC in the next biennial budget - it's looking good but keep your fingers crossed! 
Spring Avalanches

DO Crystal bc

We all tend to let our guard down a bit as the weather warms up and the powder gradually turns to corn.  However, avalanches can and do happen in the spring, and this year we may see a significant avalanche cycle due to all of the late season snow and the still buried MLK weak layer, which may become increasingly reactive this spring. Associated larger slide releases or even a significant spring avalanche cycle might occur during periods of sudden and prolonged warming (read: tank tops in Seattle)...especially if accompanied by high clouds that prevent significant refreezing overnight and heavier amounts of higher elevation rain. Both of these scenarios may result in an increasingly weak and isothermal snowpack, which may fracture on the old layer of facets above the MLK crust.  Following is some more general advice about spring avalanches.  Please use your head in the coming weeks...! We've already lost four folks in the NW and 22 nationally (thru May 1) to avalanches this year...don't let it be more!

 

During fair spring weather the avalanche danger is generally lowest during the night and early morning hours when surface snow refreezes due to heat loss to the surrounding atmosphere.  During the day, sun effects and warm air temperatures can rapidly melt and weaken surface snow layers and produce an increasing avalanche danger during the late morning and afternoon.  Wet loose slide activity generally starts on east and southeast facing slopes receiving morning sunshine and progresses to west and southwest facing slopes during the afternoon.  Therefore the safest time to cross potential avalanche terrain is during early morning hours before the surface snow begins to warm and weaken.

 

This daily melt-freeze cycle is strongly affected by any cloud cover during the night since clouds at night limit cooling and may prevent freezing.  This may allow melt water and associated snowpack weakening to affect progressively deeper layers in the snow cover.  Snowpack weakening is maximized when warm days are followed by warm overnight temperatures and overcast skies.  Backcountry travelers should exercise particular caution under these conditions that often lead to considerable wet loose slide activity along with possible wet slab avalanches.

 

Backcountry travelers should also be aware that spring storms might quickly produce unstable snow conditions.  Although precipitation may fall as rain at lower elevations, substantial amounts of new snow may be deposited at higher elevations.  This new snow may form a poor bond with an old crusted snow surface.  Rapid rises in temperature following the storm due to intense solar radiation may quickly warm and weaken recent snow, which may need little or no disturbance to slide.  While subsequent wet loose slides may start small, they may entrain more snow as they descend and may trigger larger wet slab slides as well.  Dangerous conditions may also result from cornices deposited by spring storms, as these may be unstable and release during later warm days.  Also, slopes beneath glide cracks should normally be avoided, especially during the heat of the day, as the entire snow cover may release from melt water lubrication and weakening.

 

Precipitation as rain may also create unstable snow conditions.  This is because rain falling on an already wet snowpack causes water to quickly percolate through the snowpack, which weakens progressively deeper snow layers.  If the water encounters a crust or an ice lens, it may flow along this layer and lubricate it, making avalanches increasingly likely within the snow above.

 

No matter what the season, backcountry travelers should avoid slopes of questionable snowpack stability.  Remember that many areas, which undergo regular avalanche control during the winter, may not be controlled in the spring.

 

Also remember that small avalanches may be dangerous. Although wet loose snow in motion may be soft, when it stops rapid hardening takes place. Most avalanche victims trigger the avalanches in which they are caught, and almost half of all avalanche deaths occur in slides traveling less than 300 feet; with some slide fatalities occurring with victims buried only a few inches under the snow surface. Several fatal accidents have occurred during past springs from climbers or skiers releasing and being caught in relatively small avalanches, which subsequently carried the victims into or over a terrain trap. Hence, backcountry travelers should be aware of both the terrain above and below intended routes.

  

Thank you!
And finally, a huge thank you to all of the individuals, companies and organizations who provided support for NWAC and the Friends this winter.   While we can't possibly acknowledge every individual here (keep an eye out for our annual report for that), we do encourage you to click on the company and organization links below to learn more about our fantastic private support...!

Alki Kayak

Alpental Patrol

Alta Group

Backcountry Access

Backcountry Essentials

Backcountry.com

Beyond Clothing

Black Diamond Equipment

Cafe Humana

Carta de Oaxaca 

Cascade Powder Cats

Cilo Gear

Coppergate 

Crystal Mountain 

Crystal Mountain Hotels

Custom Boot Service

Dakine

Downing Mountain Lodge

Eddie Bauer / First Ascent

Egan and Assoc

European Skin Care LLC

evo

Exped LLC

Feathered Friends

Five Bamboo

Flylow

Foothills Mountaineers

Footloose Communications

Funny Feelings

Grant Gunderson Photography 

GU

Heidi Dale Allen

Integrative Physical Therapy

Julbo

K2

Leavenworth Mountain Sports

Leki USA Inc

Level 4 Crossfit Seattle

Marmot Mountain Works 

Mountain Gear

Mountain Goat Products 

Mountain Hardware

Mountain Khakis

Mountain Madness

MountainSavvy

Mountain Shop  

Mountains to Sound Outfitters 

MSR

Mt Baker Ski Area

Mt Baker Splitboard Fest

Mt Hood Meadows

North Bend Theater

North Cascade Heli

Northwest Mountain School

Northwest Winter Sports Foundation

Off Piste Magazine

Orion Expeditions

Ortovox

Osprey

Outdoor Research

Pacific Northwest Ski Areas Association 

Patagonia

Pinhead Red

POW

Powderwhore

Pro Guiding

Pyramid Brewery

RAB 

Rainier Mountaineering Inc.

Raynier Foundation

REI

Ridge Explorations

Ruff Wear

Scottish Lakes High Camp 

Second Ascent

Sherpa Adventure Gear

Ski Washington

Sleeping Lady

Sound Physical Therapy

Stephen Matera Photography 

Stevens Pass

Summit at Snoqualmie

Suze Woolf Fine Art 

Thaiku 

Timberline Lodge

Timberline Mountain Guides

Venture Snowboards

Vessell Drinkware

Voile

 

The Friends of NWAC

Got a friend who would like to receive updates on NWAC?  Help us get the word out by forwarding this e-mail below.



Backcountry Magazine logo


Facebook logo

 Ski and Ride License Plate 
 
Pro_Guiding_logo


Northwest Mountain School logo


MSR



Outdoor Research


REI logo

 
Join Our Mailing List