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We all tend to let our guard down a bit as the weather warms up and the powder gradually turns to corn. However, avalanches can and do happen in the spring, and this year we may see a significant avalanche cycle due to all of the late season snow and the still buried MLK weak layer, which may become increasingly reactive this spring. Associated larger slide releases or even a significant spring avalanche cycle might occur during periods of sudden and prolonged warming (read: tank tops in Seattle)...especially if accompanied by high clouds that prevent significant refreezing overnight and heavier amounts of higher elevation rain. Both of these scenarios may result in an increasingly weak and isothermal snowpack, which may fracture on the old layer of facets above the MLK crust. Following is some more general advice about spring avalanches. Please use your head in the coming weeks...! We've already lost four folks in the NW and 22 nationally (thru May 1) to avalanches this year...don't let it be more!
During fair spring weather the avalanche danger is generally lowest during the night and early morning hours when surface snow refreezes due to heat loss to the surrounding atmosphere. During the day, sun effects and warm air temperatures can rapidly melt and weaken surface snow layers and produce an increasing avalanche danger during the late morning and afternoon. Wet loose slide activity generally starts on east and southeast facing slopes receiving morning sunshine and progresses to west and southwest facing slopes during the afternoon. Therefore the safest time to cross potential avalanche terrain is during early morning hours before the surface snow begins to warm and weaken.
This daily melt-freeze cycle is strongly affected by any cloud cover during the night since clouds at night limit cooling and may prevent freezing. This may allow melt water and associated snowpack weakening to affect progressively deeper layers in the snow cover. Snowpack weakening is maximized when warm days are followed by warm overnight temperatures and overcast skies. Backcountry travelers should exercise particular caution under these conditions that often lead to considerable wet loose slide activity along with possible wet slab avalanches.
Backcountry travelers should also be aware that spring storms might quickly produce unstable snow conditions. Although precipitation may fall as rain at lower elevations, substantial amounts of new snow may be deposited at higher elevations. This new snow may form a poor bond with an old crusted snow surface. Rapid rises in temperature following the storm due to intense solar radiation may quickly warm and weaken recent snow, which may need little or no disturbance to slide. While subsequent wet loose slides may start small, they may entrain more snow as they descend and may trigger larger wet slab slides as well. Dangerous conditions may also result from cornices deposited by spring storms, as these may be unstable and release during later warm days. Also, slopes beneath glide cracks should normally be avoided, especially during the heat of the day, as the entire snow cover may release from melt water lubrication and weakening.
Precipitation as rain may also create unstable snow conditions. This is because rain falling on an already wet snowpack causes water to quickly percolate through the snowpack, which weakens progressively deeper snow layers. If the water encounters a crust or an ice lens, it may flow along this layer and lubricate it, making avalanches increasingly likely within the snow above.
No matter what the season, backcountry travelers should avoid slopes of questionable snowpack stability. Remember that many areas, which undergo regular avalanche control during the winter, may not be controlled in the spring.
Also remember that small avalanches may be dangerous. Although wet loose snow in motion may be soft, when it stops rapid hardening takes place. Most avalanche victims trigger the avalanches in which they are caught, and almost half of all avalanche deaths occur in slides traveling less than 300 feet; with some slide fatalities occurring with victims buried only a few inches under the snow surface. Several fatal accidents have occurred during past springs from climbers or skiers releasing and being caught in relatively small avalanches, which subsequently carried the victims into or over a terrain trap. Hence, backcountry travelers should be aware of both the terrain above and below intended routes.
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