Detection Limit, Quantitation Limit and Why You Need to Know Them (Part 1)


MoldSense Technical Newsletter
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August 14, 2008
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Detection Limit and Quantitation Limit
 
What Do You Need to Know to Interpret Your Data

Last week, we went over the procedure of a quantitative measurement (counting fungal cells in swab samples). After you get the result of the enumeration back, how should you evaluate the data? Although it's not often discussed, understanding the quantitation limit (QL) of an analysis is critical in data interpretation. In order to talk about QL, we need to understand detection limit first.

Detection limit (DL) is the lowest quantity of a substance that can be distinguished from the absence of that substance. For microscopic direct exam, DL is one spore, yeast, or hyphal fragment. For culture method, DL is one colony. This is also called the "Instrument Detection Limit" (IDL) in analytical chemistry. In those two microbiological analyses mentioned above, the "instrument" is human eye. One cell and one colony is the lowest unit an eye can observe. Assuming 200-, 2000- and 20000-fold dilutions of a swab sample were made during sample preparation, one colony (IDL) in an agar plate containing 200-fold diluted sample means the "Method Detection Limit" (MDL) is 200 colony forming unit (CFU) per swab. Assuming a 2 in2 area were swabbed, the "Sample Detection Limit" (SDL) is 100 CFU per in2.

It can be demonstrated as the following calculations.
1 colony/agar plate
= 1 CFU/agar plate
= 1 CFU/(1/200 of the swab)
= 200 CFU/swab
= 200 CFU/(2 in2)
= 100 CFU/in2


If the agar plates for 200- and 2000-fold dilutions were overloaded by too many colonies, the SDL will become 10,000 CFU/in2. SDL is sample-specific and cannot be generically calculated. A simple way to calculate the SDL is to use "one" as the raw count in the analysis and calculation of a particular sample.

We ill continue next week and discuss what quantitation limit is and why it is important to know it.

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IAQ Radio Episode 93: Steven M. Spivak, PhD, University of Maryland
 
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Host: Joe Hughes/Cliff Zlotnik

We are going into our summer break with a show that has been in the making for quite some time. Steven M. Spivak, PhD is a Professor Emeritus, University of Maryland, Technical Advisor to RIA and an icon in the disaster restoration industry. Don't miss this opportunity to hear from one of the top minds in the disaster restoration field. Fire, water, odor, textiles, standards and more on the next episode of IAQ Radio

Scheduled Time:
Date: Fri, August 15, 2008
Time: 12:00 PM EDT





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Sincerely,


Wei Tang, Ph.D.
Lab Director
QLab
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