Adiponectin Biospeak

Adiponectin, adiponectin receptors, adiponectin binding proteins: players in unlocking good & bad health?    

 

Dear Doctor  

 

Adiponectin is a cytokine produced primarily by adipose tissue (hence being termed an adipokine) and expressed at high levels (0.01% plasma protein Matsuzawa et al 2004) in normal, healthy, but lean, people.

 

Research since its discovery by Scherer et al (1995) has linked Adiponectin to a myriad of biological functions and influences ranging from possible roles in apoptosis and mediating proinflammatory cytokines like TNFalpha, to playing a central role in our energy metabolism, vascular health, insulin regulation and the mediation of metabolic disease. 

Hot topics in Adiponectin research
Adiponectin: Some excellent reviews...
The roles of APPL1 and APPL2 in adiponectin signalling
Adiponectin receptors AdipoR1 and AdipoR2.
Quality antibodies and ELISA kits for your research
AdipoR1 in mouse tissue
R-1329-100
WB of Adiponectin Receptor 1 expression in mouse tissue homgenates using rabbit polyclonal antibody to mouse AdipoR1 R-1329-100. Image courtesy of Mao X. et al (2006) Nature Cell Biology.

Adiponectin: Some excellent reviews 

Adiponectin exists in normal peripheral circulation at a concentration of 2-30ug/ml with levels within the brain being estimated at 1000x lower, and as might be expected for such a complex player, adiponectin has multiple forms  in circulation from trimers and multi-oligomers, to cleavage fragments, all of which seemingly have physiological roles depending upon the tissue examined.

  

Adiponectin in cardiovascular inflammation and obesity. Aprahamian T.R. and Sam F. Int J Inflam. 2011;2011:376909 

 

Adiponectin Receptor Signalling in the Brain. Thundyil J., Pavlovski D., Sobey C.G., Arumugam T.V.  Br J Pharmacol. 2011 Jun 30.

 

Adiponectin and metabolic syndrome. Matsuzawa Y., Funahashi T., Kihara S., Shimomura I.  Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2004 Jan;24(1):29-33. 

 

The roles of APPL1 and APPL2 in adiponectin signalling 

The proteins APPL1 and APPL2  are the critical partners in transmitting cell signals from the AdipoRs to downstream kinases such as AMPK, AKT, and p38 for instance. Interestingly APPL1 and APPL2 appear to interact with discrete sets of internal proteins and also appear to oppositely regulate adiponectin's signaling functions within various cells types, governing as Wang put it "the Yin-Yang regulator of adiponectin signaling". 

  

APPL1 binds to adiponectin receptors and mediates adiponectin signalling and function Mao X. et al Nat Cell Biol. 2006 May;8(5):516-23 R-1331-100

 

 

Western Blot showing APPL1 expression in mammalian cells using rabbit polyclonal antibody to human APPL1 (R-1331-100). Image courtesy of Mao X. et al (2006) 

 

 

Yin-Yang regulation of adiponectin signaling by APPL isoforms in muscle cells.  Wang C. et al J Biol Chem. 2009 Nov 13;284(46):31608-15.

 

Adiponectin receptors AdipoR1 and AdipoR2  

Adiponection's pleiotrophic influences appear to be mediated by two primary cell receptors AdipoR1 and AdipoR2 with a newly discovered T-cadherin possibly playing some sort of a mediating or binding role still to come.  Adiponectin's receptors are expressed in a variety of tissues from muscle to bone to brain and vary in the abilities to bind the many forms of adiponectin as well.  Moreover the receptors are a special class of G-protein coupled receptors that among other things have a reversed internal N-termini and extra-cellular COOH termini and thus have quite different downstream signaling mechanisms than traditional G-protein coupled receptors.      

 

Cloning of adiponectin receptors that mediate antidiabetic metabolic effects. Yamauchi T. et al Nature. 2003 Jun 12;423(6941):762-9  

 

Quality antibodies and ELISA kits for your research  

Biosensis is proud to offer a suite of products for continued research into adiponectin, its receptors and intracellular mediators, as well as assays to monitor their collective effects. 

 

Chicken polyclonal to human Adiponectin (C-1524-100)

Rabbit polyclonal to mouse Adiponectin Receptor 1 (R-1329-100)

Rabbit polyclonal to human Adiponectin Receptor 2 (R-1330-100)

Rabbit polyclonal to human APPL1 (R-1331-100)  

Rabbit polyclonal to mouse APPL2 (R-1332-100)  

 

These antibodies have been recently added to our catalogue. They work excellently in Western Blots and native applications and are provided by leading adiponectin researchers.

 

R-1332-100

Western blot with various mouse tissue homgenates and rabbit polyclonal antibody to mouse APPL2

R-1332-100. Image courtesy of Wang C. et al (2009).

 

Biosensis offers an array of 192-well immunoassays for the study of not only adiponectin but also for many of the cytokines and proinflammatory molecules that adiponectin levels appear to mediate.

 

BEK-2120-2P

Adiponectin ELISA kit

TNF-alpha ELISA kit

Leptin ELISA kit

Human Interleukin 1 beta ELISA kit (BEK-2158-2P

Human Interleukin 8 ELISA kit (BEK-2044-2P

 

To view the full range of kits and antibodies, visit our web site at www.biosensis.com

The Biosensis UNCONDITIONAL Guarantee
Web site guarantee logo

Should your manuscript ever be rejected by ANY journal because of insufficient information about a Biosensis antibody, we will gladly refund TWICE the purchase price of that antibody!



 By researchers for researchers!

Our staff have over 60 years experience in manufacturing and using antibodies and over 340 peer reviewed research publicationsIf you have any questions, one of our experienced researchers can help at biospeak@biosensis.com.  Until next time, good luck with your research. 
 
Sincerely,

 

Tina 

P.S. Have you missed previous issues of BioSpeak? Click Here