American Association of Public Health Dentistry
 
 
Cas Evans
Cas Evans
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 January 2008    
 
AAPHD National Office
Executive Director
Pam Tolson, CAE
 

3085 Stevenson Drive #200

Springfield, IL 62703
Tel. 217.529.6941
Fax 217.529.9120
www.aaphd.org
 
 
In This Issue
Sounding Off!
Members in the News
 
Future Meetings
 
 

National Summit on Smokeless & Spit Tobacco
March 4 - 6, 2008
Oklahoma City, OK

Special Care Dentistry

March 12 - 16, 2008
San Antonio, TX

American Association for Dental Research

April 2 - 5, 2008

Dallas, TX

American Dental Hygienists' Association
June 18 - 25, 2008
Albuquerque, NM

International Association for Dental Research
July 2 - 5, 2008
Toronto, ON

National Dental Association
July 25 - 30, 2008
Detroit MI

American Dental Association
October 16 -19, 2008
San Antonio, TX

American Public Health Association
October 25 - 29, 2008
San Diego, CA
 
Save the Date!
 

National Oral Health Conference

April 28-30, 2008

Miami, FL

WELCOME to the inaugural issue of the monthly Communiqu� by email! The Executive Council hopes you will find the newsletter an improved and timelier source of information for your professional world.

Many thanks to Scott Tomar who is debut author for a new editorial feature, "Sounding Off." Reactions, retorts, and rejoinders to his essay will be published next month.

Why not send in your thoughts on an issue for this column? I dare you to ignite the enthusiasm of all those passionate dental public healthers. Something exciting or wonderful could happen if you just Sound Off!

The publication schedule for the newsletter is now the third Friday of each month. Contributions as well as regular reports should be sent directly to the Editor by the second Friday of each month.

Becky DeSpain Eden, Newsletter Editor                                  [email protected]

President's Message Cas Evans Photo 

In my initial commentary as President of AAPHD, I noted that "In dental public health, all times seem challenging, but ripe with opportunity. We are adept at doing much with limited resources; and we know when opportune moments are at hand. Startling events and the benefits of long hours, hard work and planning are bearing fruit for our interests to improve oral health for all." That statement continues to summarize our environment.

Regarding challenges, we are providing leadership and preparing to be active in the coming hearings and discussions related to the future of Healthy People 2020. As you may know, the proposed Healthy People 2020 planning process is substantially different from the approach taken for Healthy People 2010 and its earlier iterations. The status of oral health as a subject domain, and particularly as a specific chapter (Chapter 21 in Healthy People 2020), is in jeopardy. Previously the process involved hundreds, if not thousands, of people working to develop and come to agreement in recommending various health objectives and suggesting means by which the objectives could be measured and tracked over time. That process was true for oral health objectives and was beneficial in attracting people and organizations to the process. In that manner, a broad constituency of concerned stakeholders became invested in the process, the objectives, the means by which they could be achieved, and the methods of tracking and measuring degrees of change and accomplishment.

That process is proposed to now be distilled down to a small group, a dozen or so, of experts selected nationally. That group is expected to determine which disease and condition domains health objectives will be set and may well also determine the nature of the goals as well. Clearly, the process would be less beneficial and the goals, as products, could have far less traction.

AAPHD is working with other oral health advocacy and interest groups to organize efforts and testimony that could be presented at six hearings scheduled around the country regarding the proposed new process. This also furthers AAPHD's interests in forging more productive partnerships and collaborations with other organizations concerning issues of common interest.

I have had the honor of representing AAPHD at the American Dental Association for comments presented to a committee assessing restructuring options for the Commission on Dental Accreditation, and at the Council on Membership regarding that AAPHD provided at the recent ADA annual meeting. This resulted in an invitation to make follow-up comments suggesting a special ADA dues structure for "public health dentists."

These are a few of the challenges and opportunities facing AAPHD. We welcome your comments, suggestions, and participation in these exciting facets of our efforts.

Caswell Evans, Jr., DDS, MPH

New JPHD Editor Announcement

Robert J. Weyant, MS, DMD, DrPH, has been named editor for the Journal of Public Health Dentistry, the premier oral public health journal published by the American Association of Public Health Dentistry. He will assume his duties in January 2008.

Weyant received a BS, MS in public health, and DMD from the University of Pittsburgh and a DrPH in epidemiology from the University of Michigan. He is Chair of the Department of Dental Public Health and Information Management at the University of Pittsburgh School of Dental Medicine and Associate Dean for Public Health and Outreach.  In addition to his administrative roles, Weyant directs the University of Pittsburgh's Center for Oral Health Research in Appalachia.

Dr. Weyant teaches courses in Dental Public Health, Oral Epidemiology, and Evidence-based Prevention to both dental and public health students.  His research interests include oral health disparities and the role of oral health in successful aging. Weyant has been principal investigator and co-investigator on numerous NIH and foundation funded studies. 

A member of AAPHD since 1983, Weyant has served as association President, Executive Council member, Informatics Committee Chair, member of the Education Committee, and developer of the organization's first web page. He has also been the Project Director for the Association's two HRSA contracts to conduct DPH Residency Directors' and Residents' Workshops.

Weyant will work with the current JPHD Editor, Dr. Helen Gift, during a transition period. In conjunction with Blackwell Publishing, an on-line manuscript submission system is expected to become operational by April 1. The journal is devoted to the advancement of public health dentistry through the exploration of related research, practice, and policy developments.
Sounding Off!

Don't Use Tobacco Industry-Produced Smoking Cessation Materials

Scott L. Tomar, DMD, DrPH

The major tobacco companies in the United States have been targeting dental and medical offices for dissemination of their youth smoking prevention materials. Unfortunately, many health care providers may be unaware that displaying and distributing such materials may actually undermine public health efforts to prevent tobacco use.

I was dismayed to find an advertising insert in the November 2006 issue of the Journal of the American Dental Association for Philip Morris USA's Youth Smoking Prevention Program. Philip Morris USA manufactures Marlboro cigarettes, the long-time leading brand among young people who smoke.1

That sales record was no accident: previously secret tobacco industry documents reveal decades of market research conducted by Philip Morris specifically to achieve that goal,2 so many people in the tobacco control and public health community are skeptical that the company is serious about reducing smoking by young people. Philip Morris' advertising campaign focuses on peer influence, parental factors, and commercial access being the primary influences on youth smoking initiation, rather than tobacco industry marketing, inaccurate risk appraisal, price, and other factors known to influence youth smoking.3 The available evidence suggests that not only is this tobacco industry campaign not effective in reducing youth smoking, it is associated with lowering youths' perceived harm of smoking.4 Tobacco industry-sponsored campaigns such as Philip Morris' may have a harmful effect by contributing "clutter" to public health-sponsored advertising that have been shown to be effective and by reinforcing smoking as a measure of teens' independence from their parents.4 In reality, the primary reason for the Philip Morris Youth Smoking Prevention Program and similar tobacco industry-produced campaigns is to allow the tobacco companies to claim in litigation that they are "serious" about tackling youth smoking and to improve their public image, while actually conducting an intentionally ineffective campaign.

Through the American Dental Association (ADA) Council on Access, Prevention, and Institutional Relations, the AAPHD Executive Council has introduced a resolution urging dentists and health organizations to provide tobacco information or materials to patients and consumers only from credible and trustworthy sources and not from tobacco companies or groups aligned with them. The resolution would also establish an ADA policy prohibiting advertisements from tobacco companies, or groups aligned with them, in any of its publications or meetings. The ADA House of Delegates will consider this resolution at its annual meeting in the fall. The American Medical Association has already adopted a similar resolution.

I urge AAPHD members not to display or distribute tobacco industry-produced materials in their offices or clinics. There are many excellent tobacco prevention and cessation materials produced by reputable health agencies and organizations that would be far more appropriate.

References

1.  Kaufman NJ, Castrucci BC, Mowery P, Gerlach KK, Emont S, Orleans CT. Changes in adolescent cigarette-brand preference, 1989 to 1996. Am J Health Behav 2004;28:54-62.

2.  Hafez N, Ling PM. How Philip Morris built Marlboro into a global brand for young adults: Implications for international tobacco control. Tob Control 2005;14:262-71.

3.  Wakefield M, McLeod K, Perry CL. "Stay away from them until you're old enough to make a decision": Tobacco company testimony about youth smoking initiation. Tob Control 2006;15(Suppl 4):iv44-iv53.

4.  Wakefield M, Terry-McElrath Y, Emery S, Saffer H, Chaloupka FJ, Szczypka G, Flay B, O'Malley PM, Johnston LD. Effect of televised, tobacco company-funded smoking prevention advertising on youth smoking-related beliefs, intentions, and behavior. Am J Public Health 2006;96:2154-60.

Scott Tomar is Professor and Chair of the Department of Community Dentistry and Behavioral Science at the University of Florida College of Dentistry and Vice President of AAPHD.
Association in Action

Call to Vote for AAPHD Members!

The Oral Health Policy & Advocacy Committee has posted for a vote the following:

   Resolution on Fluoride Varnish for Caries Prevention

  Policy on Access to Dental Care

President Cas Evans asks AAPHD voting members to go online to AAPHD Vote cast a vote on the adoption of these new resolution and policy. Deadline for voting is February 8, 2008.

In February, members will again be asked to vote for new members to the Executive Council and Officers. Thank you!

2008 National Oral Health Conference - April 28 - 30, 2008

The 2008 NOHC registration brochure will be posted within the week when final proofing is completed on www.nationaloralhealthconference.com. All conference registrations must be made on line! However, reservations for accommodations may now be made at the Hilton Miami Hotel-Downtown.

PLEASE NOTE! Because the hotel is transitioning from a Radisson to a Hilton, the hotel is currently known as Miami Biscayne Bay Hotel until the change is complete. You may call 1-800-HILTONS and ask for this hotel located at 1601 Biscayne Boulevard, Miami, FL 33132. Ask for the NOHC room block to get the hotel rate of $119 (plus taxes).
AAPHD Ends Fiscal Year with Smaller Deficit Than Expected

AAPHD projected a deficit budget as large as $45,000 related to the change to electronic publishing of JPHDby Blackwell Publishing in fiscal year 2006-07. This was due to transfer of subscription servicing and advertising to Blackwell, which directly affected the bottom line and cash flow. However, AAPHD is reimbursed an editor stipend, received the entire JPHD electronic archive, and will soon premier the new on-line manuscript submittal service in exchange for this income. Also, the association will receive a royalty from Blackwell on the subscription service and advertising in fiscal year 2007-2008.

The good news for members is that the financial impact was not as much as projected due to controlling other expenses. The dues increase is expected to make up most of the difference. As a result, AAPHD only withdrew $20,000 from reserves to assist with cash flow.

The following chart is a summary of the FY 06-07 profit & loss. The annual audit is underway and copies will be available in April at the Annual Business Meeting.
 

 Income

 

 

Expenses

 

Journal

$ 28,650

 

Administration

$ 134,303

NOH Conference

43,276

 

Awards

8,408

Membership

82,335

 

AAPHD Meetings

27,000

Misc

10,307

 

JPHD

30,802

Interest& Investments

 17,536

 

Communiqu�

1,203

Career Ads

700

 

 

 

Total Income

$ 182,804

 

Total Expense

$ 201,715

 

 

 

 

Projected Net Income:

 ($45,000)

 

Actual Net Income:

($18, 912)

 

AAPHD to Present Session at ADA San Antonio

Several times a year the leadership of AAPHD and ADA get together and discuss issues of mutual interest. During a recent meeting in San Francisco, ADA invited AAPHD to present a program during the 2008 ADA Annual Meeting in San Antonio. It was agreed that the AAPHD presentation will be on Saturday, October 18, 2008 in the afternoon, and the topic "Fluoride Strategies:  Risk Based Prevention across the Generations." The session will be moderated by AAPHD's then president, Mark H. K. Greer, and Judith Jones, DDS, MPH, DScD, Boston University and John Warren, DDS, MS, University of Iowa will be facilitators.

ADA President Dr. Mark Feldman will be a presenter in April at the National Oral Health Conference.

Members in the News

Alderman Receives Southern Health Award

Alderman PhotoJoe Alderman, DDS, MPH, Oral Health Consultant for Region IV Head Start and current Executive Secretary of the American Board of Dental Public Health, received the Southern Health Association's (SHA) Howell Special Meritorious Service to Public Health Award, at the SHA annual awards luncheon in Savannah. The Howell Award is named in honor of a past President of SHA and recognizes an individual for outstanding and continuous service to, involvement with, and support of public health particularly in the field of prevention. SHA is comprised of members from Alabama, Arkansas, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, North Carolina, South Carolina, and Tennessee.

Alderman served as Director of the Oral Health Section, Georgia Division of Public Health, from 1981 to 2003, and was responsible for numerous programs, including community fluoridation, pit and fissure sealants, and other preventive measures in public health clinics and in community settings. Many people in Georgia, especially children, have been free of pain and suffering from dental disease because of his efforts and dedication.

Mosca Receives Bailey AwardAlderman Photo

Nicholas Mosca, DDS, was the 2007 recipient of the Jon "Vic" Bailey award at the annual meeting of the Mississippi Public Health Association. The award is given annually to an employee of the Mississippi State Department of Health who has provided outstanding service to the community during the previous year.

Mosca is the State Dental Director at the Mississippi State Department of Health and is Clinical Associate Professor at the University of Mississippi Medical Center. He has published and lectured extensively on the dental care of persons with systemic diseases and received an Outstanding Service Award for excellence in treating those infected with HIV.

  Foley Named Dean of Dental Hygiene

Mary Foley was named Associate Professor of Dental Hygiene and Dean of the Forsyth School of Dental Hygiene at the Massachusetts College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences in Boston. She oversees three programs: BS in Dental Hygiene, Post-baccalaureate Certificate in Dental Hygiene, and Dental Hygiene Online BS Degree Completion.

Foley also serves as the Regional Head Start Oral Health Consultant for Region I and is Secretary/Treasurer of AAPHD. Formerly, she was with the Children's Dental Health Project in Washington, DC and Director of the Office of Oral Health, Massachusetts Department of Public Health.

Damiano New Director of UI Public Policy Center

Peter C. Damiano was recently named director of the University of Iowa Public Policy Center. For the past 17 years, he was director of the center's Health Policy Research Program. Damiano has a joint appointment with the UI College of Dentistry, where he is a professor in the Department of Preventive and Community Dentistry and cares for patients in the Special Care Clinic.

As a health services researcher, Damiano is currently the principal investigator on federal, state, and foundation grants totaling over $2 million and has published more than 100 peer-reviewed manuscripts and research monographs. His studies focus on access, quality, and costs of health care, especially in the area of maternal and child health. Damiano is currently the lead researcher for a number of studies including a study of the health insurance coverage and health and wellbeing of children in Iowa and a series of studies about the outcomes of care for children and adolescents with cleft lip and/or palate in Iowa, Arkansas and New York.

News from the American Board of Dental Public Health

New Officers Elected

ABDPH is pleased to announce the 2007-08 Officers and Directors: President Reginald Louie, DDS, MPH, Castro Valley, CA; Vice President-Auditor Isabel Garcia, DDS, MPH, Bethesda; Treasurer Catherine Hayes, DMD, DMSc, Boston, Massachusetts; Rebecca S. King, DDS, MPH, Chapel Hill; Steven M. Levy, DDS, MPH, Iowa City; George W. Taylor, DMD, DrPH, Ann Arbor; Immediate Past President, B. Alex White, DDS, DrPH, Boston; and Executive Secretary, Joe Alderman, DDS, MPH, Atlanta.

ABDPH Invites Nominations for Honorary Diplomates

ABDPH's Articles of Incorporation provide that the Board may grant honorary certification to individuals who have made outstanding contributions to dental public health and have demonstrated unusual capability in related areas of endeavor but who do not possess all of the educational and practice limiting requirements to be eligible for specialty examination.  The awarding of Honorary Diplomate status is considered a significant recognition of an individual's contributions to the field of dental public health.

Please forward your letter of nomination indicating how the individual meets the award criteria as well as the nominee's current curriculum vitae no later than February 1, 2008 to:

B. Alex White, DDS, DPH, Chair, Nominating Committee

Catalyst Institute

465 Medford Street

Boston, MA  02129-1454 or to:  [email protected]

Announcing New Diplomates

Alex White, ABDPH President, announced that the following dentists have passed the Board certification examination given in 2006 and are now diplomates of the Board: Timothy Cooke, Justine Kolker, Christopher Okunseri, and Peggy Timoth�. Diplomates certified in 2007 are: Oscar Arevalo, Lexington, KY; Michelle McQuistan, Iowa City; LTC Timothy Mitchener, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD; and Woosung Sohn, Ann Arbor, MI.
 Dental Public Health in Print

Health Literacy Document Published

The Proceedings of the Surgeon General's Workshop on Improving Health Literacy, September 7, 2006 was recently released by the National Institutes of Health in Bethesda. The resource is available on the Surgeon General's website.

Oral Health Included in Global Theme Issue on Poverty Effects

The Council of Science Editors (CSE) organized a Global Theme Issue on Poverty and Human Development, in which international journals simultaneously published articles on this topic on October 22, 2007. The goal of the issue is to stimulate interest and research in poverty and human development and disseminate the research results as widely as possible. The 235 journals from 37 countries included more than 750 articles, which can be viewed at CSE Poverty Issue.

As part of this effort, The Journal of the American Dental Association published articles by researchers internationally respected for their work in the area of increasing disadvantaged populations' access to health care:

"Poverty and Human Development: A Challenge for Us All," by JADA Editor Michael Glick, DMD;

"Poverty, Oral Health and Human Development: Contemporary Issues Affecting the Provision of Primary Oral Health Care" by Martin H. Hobdell, BDS, PhD;

"Health, Oral Health and Poverty" by Harold D. Sgan-Cohen, DMD, MPH, and Jonathan Mann, DMD, MSc;

"The Effect of Poverty on Access to Oral Health Care" by Javier de la Fuente-Hern�ndez, DDS, MSc, and A. Enrique Acosta-G�o, DDS, PhD;

"Global Health Research for America's Vital Interest" by Lois K. Cohen, PhD.

The articles are available free of charge online at JADA.

 

Winter Literature Search

Al Agili, Pass, Bronstein, Lockwood. Medicaid participation by private dentists in Alabama. Pediatr Dent 2007; 29(4):293-302. Abstract

Borrell, Kunzel, Lamster, Lalla. Diabetes in the dental office: Using NHANES III to estimate the probability of undiagnosed disease. J Periodontal Res 2007; 42(6):559-565. Abstract

Brondani, Bryant, MacEntee. Elders assessment of an evolving model of oral health. Gerodontology 2007; 24(4):189-195. Abstract

Chu, Sweis, Guay, Manski. The dental care of U.S. children: Access, use and referrals by nondentist providers, 2003. J Am Dent Assoc 2007; 138(10):1324-1331. Abstract

Cruz, Shulman, Kumar, Salazar. The cultural and social context of oral and pharyngeal cancer risk and control among Hispanics in New York. J Health Care Poor Underserved 2007; 18(4):833-846. Abstract

Cullen, Watson, Zakeri. Improvements in middle school student dietary intake after implementation of the Texas Public School Nutrition Policy. Am J Public Health 2008; 98(1):111-117. Abstract

Daniels, Rowland, Longnecker, et al. Maternal dental history, child's birth outcome and early cognitive development. Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol 2007; 21(5):448-457. Abstract

Dasanayake, Li, Chhun, et al. Challenges faced by minority children in obtaining dental care. J Health Care Poor Underserved 2007; 18(4):779-789. Abstract

Dharamsi S, Pratt DD, MacEntee MI. How dentists account for social responsibility: Economic imperatives and professional obligations. J Dent Educ 2007; 71(12):1583-1592. Abstract

Dobbins M, Decorby K, Manske S, Goldblatt E. Effective practices for school-based tobacco use prevention. Prev Med 2007. Abstract

Dye, Fisher, Yellowitz, et al. Receipt of dental care, dental status and workforce in U.S. nursing homes: 1997 National Nursing Home Survey. Spec Care Dentist 2007; 27(5):177-186. Abstract

Fagan, Shavers, Lawrence, et al. Employment characteristics and socioeconomic factors associated with disparities in smoking abstinence and former smoking among U.S. workers. J Health Care Poor Underserved 2007; 18(4 Suppl):52-72. Abstract

Fisher-Owens, Gansky, Platt, et al. Influences on children's oral health: A conceptual model. Pediatrics 2007; 120(3):e510-e520. Abstract

Gilbert, Litaker, Makhija. Differences in quality between dental practices associated with race and income mix of patients. J Health Care Poor Underserved 2007; 18(4):847-867. Abstract

Grembowski, Spiekerman, Milgrom. Disparities in regular source of dental care among mothers of Medicaid-enrolled preschool children. J Health Care Poor Underserved 2007; 18(4):789-813. Abstract

Hilton, Stephen, Barker, Weintraub. Cultural factors and children's oral health care: A qualitative study of carers of young children. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 2007; 35(6):429-438. Abstract

Hobdell. Poverty, oral health and human development: Contemporary issues affecting the provision of primary oral health care. J Am Dent Assoc 2007; 138(11):1433-1436. Read

Iida, Auinger, Billings, Weitzman. Association between infant breastfeeding and early childhood caries in the United States. Pediatrics 2007; 120(4):e944-e952. Abstract

Kolker, Ismail, Sohn, Ramaswami. Trends in the incidence, mortality, and survival rates of oral and pharyngeal cancer in a high-risk area in Michigan, USA. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 2007; 35(6):489-499. Abstract

Maguire, Zohouri, Hindmarch, et al. Fluoride intake and urinary excretion in 6- to 7-year-old children living in optimally, sub-optimally and non-fluoridated areas. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 2007; 35(6):479-488. Abstract

Marshall, Eichenberger-Gilmore, Broffitt, et al. Dental caries and childhood obesity: Roles of diet and socioeconomic status. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 2007; 35(6):449-458. Abstract

Mitchell, Borrell, Lassiter, Formicola. The oral health status of adolescents in northern Manhattan. J Health Care Poor Underserved 2007; 18(4):814-832. Abstract

Mosca. Engaging the dental workforce in disaster mitigation to improve recovery and response. Dent Clin North Am 2007; 51(4):871-8, vii-viii. Abstract

Nelson, Reynolds, Luke, et al. Successfully maintaining program funding during trying times: Lessons from tobacco control programs in five states. J Public Health Manag Pract 2007; 13(6):612-620. Abstract

Ngui, Flores. Unmet needs for specialty, dental, mental, and allied health care among children with special health care needs: Are there racial/ethnic disparities? J Health Care Poor Underserved 2007; 18(4):931-949. Abstract

Nicopoulos, Brennan, Kent, et al. Oral health needs and barriers to dental care in hospitalized children. Spec Care Dentist 2007; 27(5):206-211. Abstract

Paez, Allen, Carson, Cooper. Provider and clinic cultural competence in a primary care setting. Soc Sci Med 2007. Abstract

Perez, Martinez. Community health workers: Social justice and policy advocates for community health and well-being. Am J Public Health 2008; 98(1):11-14. Abstract

Ramos-Gomez, Crall, Gansky, et al. Caries risk assessment appropriate for the age 1 visit (infants and toddlers). J Calif Dent Assoc 2007; 35(10):687-702. Abstract

Sanders, Slade, Turrell, et al. Does psychological stress mediate social deprivation in tooth loss? J Dent Res 2007; 86(12):1166-1170. Abstract

Saraiva, Bettiol, Barbieri, Silva. Are intrauterine growth restriction and preterm birth associated with dental caries? Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 2007; 35(5):364-376. Abstract

Schroth, Cheba. Determining the prevalence and risk factors for early childhood caries in a community dental health clinic. Pediatr Dent 2007; 29(5):387-396. Abstract

Shimoyama, Chiba, Suzuki. The effect of awareness on the outcome of oral health performed by home care service providers. Gerodontology 2007; 24(4):204-210. Abstract

Slaughter, Evans. Culturally sensitive oral health educational materials for older African Americans. J Health Care Poor Underserved 2007; 18(4):868-886. Abstract

Weyant, Manz, Corby, et al. Factors associated with parents' and adolescents' perceptions of oral health and need for dental treatment. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 2007; 35(5):321-330. Abstract

Wilder, Robinson, Jared, et al. Obstetricians' knowledge and practice behaviors concerning periodontal health and preterm delivery and low birth weight. J Dent Hyg 2007; 81(4):81. Abstract

Wu, Plassman, Liang, Wei. Cognitive function and dental care utilization among community-dwelling older adults. Am J Public Health 2007; 97(12):2216-2221. Abstract

Young, Featherstone, Roth, et al. Caries management by risk assessment: Implementation guidelines. J Calif Dent Assoc 2007; 35(11):799-805. Abstract