Cancer Facts for People Over 50
Cancer
strikes people of all ages, but you are more likely to get cancer as you get
older, even if no one in your family has had it. The good news is that cancer
death rates are going down. No matter what your age, the chances of surviving
cancer are better today than ever before.
What Is Cancer?
There
are many kinds of cancer but they all begin when cells in a part of the body
become abnormal and start multiplying. These cells form a mass of tissue called
a tumor. Cancer cells can also break away and spread to other parts of the
body.
When
cancer is found early, treatment can shrink or destroy the tumor. It helps to
get regular checkups and to know the symptoms of cancer.
What Are Common Symptoms?
Cancer
can cause many different symptoms including the following:
· A
thickening or lump in the breast or any other part of the body
· A new
mole or a change in an existing mole
· A sore
that does not heal
· Chronic
hoarseness or a cough
· Changes
in bowel or bladder habits
· Discomfort
after eating
· A hard
time swallowing
· Unexplained
weight gain or loss
· Unusual
bleeding or discharge
· Feeling
weak or very tired
Most
often, these symptoms are not due to cancer. They may be caused by
non-cancerous (benign) tumors or other problems. Nevertheless, if you are
having any of these symptoms or other changes in your health, you should
consult your doctor. Don't wait to feel pain. In its early stages, cancer
usually doesn't cause pain.
What Regular Tests Should I Have?
Get
regular screening tests to check for cancer before you notice anything wrong.
Medicare now covers a number of screening tests for cancer. Before recommending
a screening test, your doctor will ask about your age, past medical
problems, family medical problems, general health, and lifestyle. The following
is a list of some screening tests that check for some specific cancers:
Breast Cancer: Clinical Breast Exam, Mammogram
Cervical Cancer: Pap Test, Pelvic Exam
Colorectal Cancer: Fecal Occult Blood Test, Sigmoidoscopy, Colonoscopy
Mouth and Throat Cancers: Oral Exams
Prostate Cancer: Digital Rectal Exam, Prostate
Specific Antigen
Skin Cancer: Skin Exams
If a screening test does show a growth or abnormal
change, it doesn't always mean that you have cancer. You may need more tests. A
biopsy is the only sure way to know whether the problem is cancer. In a biopsy,
a piece of tissue is taken from the abnormal area and looked at under a
microscope to check for cancer cells.
How Is Cancer Treated?
Cancer
treatments include surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy (anticancer
drugs). Recently, doctors have also been using biological therapy for some cancers, which help the body's own defenses kill cancer cells.
People
with cancer often see different specialists. These may include a medical
oncologist (specialist in cancer treatment), a surgeon, a radiation oncologist
(specialist in radiation therapy), and others. Your choice of treatment depends
on the type of cancer you have, where it is in the body, and the stage it is
at. You and your doctor will also take into account your overall health and any
specific health problems you may have.
Can Cancer Be Prevented?
Experts think that about two-thirds of all cancers may be
linked to things we can control, especially use of tobacco and what we eat and
drink. You can lower your risk of cancer in several ways.
· Do not
use tobacco products.
· Avoid
sunburns.
· Eat
right.
· Keep
your weight down.
· Stay
active.
· Limit
alcohol consumption to one or two drinks a day.
Excerpted from the National Institute on Aging
website. To see article in its entirely go to www.niapublications.org/agepages/cancer.asp