Dear Customers, Friends, Fans and Interested Parties,
WELCOME to SPECIES Nutrition Newsletter #1. These emails will serve to keep you updated on the latest in supplement and nutrition research, SPECIES athlete appearances and competitive successes, and newest SPECIES product releases. At SPECIES, our mission is to create products that contain the highest quality ingredients and with real science behind it. We hope you enjoy these informative newsletters and don't forget to stop by our e-store at www.speciesnutrition.com
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| Estrogen Blockers Enhancement of Testosterone Raise Awareness by Olympic Officials
 Testosterone production is regulated by the endogenous production of estrogen. Estrogen tells the hypothalamus of the brain to shut down testosterone production. Obese men have suppressed testosterone levels due to adipose tissue aromatization of estrogen. Historically, anti-estrogens such as clomiphene and tamoxifen were used unsuccessfully for the treatment of male infertility and are no longer recommended; however, doctors noticed that these treated men had significant increases in serum testosterone. It's, nevertheless, well established that estrogen blockers consistently increase blood testosterone concentrations in men by up to 50%. Similar increases in blood testosterone concentrations ranging from 5 to 20 nmol/L are reported with aromatase inhibitors such as testolactone and anastrozole. The mechanism is most likely to be via inhibition of androgenic negative feedback on the hypothalamus, which causes reflex increases in blood LH and testosterone. A recent study in the British Journal of Pharmacology the legitimate concerns of athletes indirectly increasing testosterone levels by estrogen blockade. This is because central estrogen blockade produces a significant reflex rise in circulating blood testosterone and thus possibly enhances lean muscle mass. It's likely that the sustained and significant reflex increases in blood testosterone concentrations might be sufficient to increase muscle mass and strength if sustained. Anti-estrogens may be soon on the banned substances list for athletes.
Handelsman DJ. Indirect androgen doping by oestrogen blockade in sports. Br J Pharmacol. 2008 Jun;154(3):598-605.
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Genetic Defects in UCP-3 are Associated with Obesity
 Uncoupling proteins (UCPs), a family of mitochondrial transporters, play a significant role in thermogenesis (fat burning). These transporters are known to uncouple oxidative metabolism from ATP synthesis by promoting proton leakage across the inner mitochondrial membrane, resulting in the production of heat instead of stored ATP. As a result of this process of uncoupling, stored triglycerides are mobilized resulting in enhanced fat oxidation. There are several types of UCP, but UCP-3 is highly specific for skeletal muscle and has been suggested to regulate thermogenesis in humans. UCP-3 is also involved in fatty acid oxidation in muscle. Reduction in the function or expression of UCP-3 might result in decreased energy expenditure and an increased capacity to store energy as fat. The association between the UCP-3 gene and obesity is under intensive investigation. In the European Journal of Endocrinology, researcher's studied 400 men aged between 40 and 80 years. In the study, the researchers analyzed the relationship between UCP-3 genes on obesity-related phenotypes among healthy Dutch male subjects. The researchers found that defects in UCP-3 expression were associated with increased obesity and BMI. Decreased UCP-3 activity leads to a decreased uncoupling of oxygen consumption from ATP production. Therefore, the dissipation of energy as heat is reduced, which, in turn, leads to an increase in body weight and BMI. Drugs that increase UCP activity are currently being investigated to enhance fat loss and reduce obesity.
van Abeelen AF, de Krom M, Hendriks J, Grobbee DE, Adan RA, van der Schouw YT. Variations in the uncoupling protein-3 gene are associated with specific obesity phenotypes. Eur J Endocrinol. 2008 May;158(5):669-76.
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SPECIES welcomes Craig Richardson to our team. He'll be competing at the Houston Pro on the July 4th weekend. Craig just recently qualified for the Mr. Olympia contest at the New York Pro on May 10 with his top-5 finish.
 SPECIES would like to wish Eugene Mishin the best of luck at the July 4th Houston Pro.
Kiyoshi Moody is guest posing in Japan. Look for details by visiting speciesnutrition.com or clicking on the image. This could be a first in our industry. Congratulations.
Look for Bev Direnzo and Nicole Ball to compete at the Tampa Bay Pro August 9, 2008
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Species promises to continue to provide you with the best in sports supplements and cutting edge nutrition. Join our team and purchase some of our fantastic clothing. Visit our website www.speciesnutrition.com for more details and event news. Look for us at the NPC Team Universe on September 5, 6 and Eastern USA Championships November 15th at the Tribecca Performing Arts Center.
Sincerely,
Dave Palumbo
Colette Nelson
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