... And When you Do, What is the Treatment?
Food Intolerance- More often than not, a reaction to food is intolerance rather than an allergic reaction. Food intolerance can be very uncomfortable as one's intestinal tract has difficulty breaking down and absorbing the culprit food. As a result, one experiences cramping, stomach pain, and diarrhea. However, these foods can be tolerated in small quantities. They typically occur 3-4 hours after ingesting the food. The most comon food that causes intolerance are lactose and proteins.
Food Allergy - Approximately 2% of adults and 8% of children suffer from true food allergies. This is when an allergic reaction occurs minutes after the offending food is eaten. Most common symptoms are hives (urticaria), swelling of the tongue and face (angioedema), itching, shortness of breath and tightening of the chest. Some of these are extremely serious, life threatening symptoms that when occurring together can lead to anaphylactic shock and even death.
The Biggest Culprits:
Eight foods cause the majority of the food allergic reactions:
1. Egg
2. Cow milk
3. Soy
4. Fish
5. Peanuts
6. Shell fish
7. Tree nuts
8. Wheat
Almost any food can cause a food allergy but peanuts, tree nuts, shell fish and fish cause most of the life-threatening reactions.
The Game Plan:
Once a diagnosis of food allergy is made every patient should be equipped with a self- injectable epinephrine device (Epiepn, Epipen Jr, Adrenaclick).
The most important part of the treatment is to accurately identify that the person (child or adult) is actually having an allergic reaction to food. Once this has been established, epinephrine should immediately be given in the thigh, followed by a dose of a fast-acting antihistamines (liquid Benadryl, Claritin or Zyrtec). As epinephrine has a short-lasting affect, the patient is in danger of the reaction recurring. It is vital to be followed-up immediately and be monitored in the emergency room. Once the patient is stable he/she can be allowed to go home.
Accurate diagnosis and early management of food allergy are important steps in preventing life-threatening reactions. Please make sure you understand the game plan and are comfortable using the epinephrine self-injectors.
Studies have shown that healthcare costs are slashed by one third when allergic children receive immunotherapy.