Weekly News and Notes From the Duke Global Health Institute
Greetings!
This week, DGHI is pleased to welcome Youfa Wang to Duke. Dr. Wang will deliver the University Seminar on Global Health this Wednesday at 4:30 pm at the John Hope Franklin Center. The topic is "Global Childhood Obesity: Challenges and Opportunities."
Also this week is the launch of the CSIS Commission on Smart Global Health Policy's final report. Read details below and tune in to the live webcast on Thursday.
Keep up to date on the latest special events and global health news on the DGHI website, www.globalhealth.duke.edu It is updated daily.
Geelea Seaford and Everyone at DGHI
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Faces of Global Health: Randy Kramer, PhD In this series, DGHI showcases the innovative global health research of accomplished Duke faculty and the passionate students who make the future of global health promising.
After more than 20 years as a Duke Professor, Randy Kramer has turned his sights to one of the major global health challenges that exist in today's world-global environmental health.
An esteemed professor, who was named Duke's 2004 University Scholar/Teacher of the Year and twice received the Teacher of the Year award at the Nicholas School of the Environment, Kramer is helping to stimulate interest in global health among his colleagues and students. Trained as an environmental economist, Kramer's interest in health grew out of his early research on water quality and biodiversity.
"I was largely focused on how people manage the environment, but it became clear to me that deforestation and other environmental changes had dire consequences on human health," said Kramer, who has also done research on the environmental effects of malaria control programs. "So, when DGHI came along, I thought it was an exciting opportunity to really push further into the connections between environmental quality and human health."
Kramer leads DGHI's environmental health signature research initiative which addresses important environmental issues, such as water quality and sanitation, and the effects of climate change on human health. The working group provides an opportunity for faculty from across Duke to become familiar with each other's research programs and interests, and begin to formulate new research initiatives around global environmental health.
"DGHI is one of the most exciting developments I've seen at Duke," said Kramer, who has been teaching at Duke since 1988. "It's a unique model in that it's leveraging activities in departments and schools across campus and taking advantage of the broad expertise already available. That's why DGHI has been able to accomplish so much, so quickly."
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New and Noteworthy
Final Report to be Launched Thursday by CSIS Commission on Smart Global Health Policy
A new report by the Center for Strategic and International Studies' Commission on Smart Global Health Policy will be unveiled on Thursday in Washington D.C. The event, which will also be broadcast live on the internet, marks the culmination of nine months of deliberation by the Commission, a group formed to develop actionable recommendations for a long-term U.S. strategic approach to global health.
At the event, which was rescheduled due to winter weather conditions, Commissioners will provide an overview of the report's key findings which chart a course for U.S. global health investment through 2025. The report advises the U.S. government on five major issues: 1) maintaining our commitments to HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis and malaria; 2) narrowing health gaps for women and children; 3) strengthening our prevention and preparedness capabilities; 4) improving coordination and increasing capacity between implementers and policymakers; and 5) making smart investments in multilateral institutions.
The Commission's membership, which includes DGHI Director Michael Merson, is made up of leaders from business, finance, media, philanthropy, foreign affairs, security, government, public health, and the U.S. Congress. Merson will moderate two panels at the event.
Watch a live webcast of Thursday's event, which will begin at 1pm. A free downloadable copy of the report will be available here.
Global Health Case Competition Receives Overwhelming Response
More than 40 Duke students have registered to participate in Duke's first annual Global Health Case Competition, which student organizers hope will set a strong precedent for future competitions.
Registration is open. Click logo to sign up.
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The university-wide competition March 24-27, developed and driven by the Duke Global Health Institute Student Council, aims to integrate students from all departments at Duke (undergraduate, graduate, and professional) for the purpose of tackling real-world issues. This year's competition will address a global health issue related to January's devastating earthquake in Haiti. Two months later, hundreds of thousands of Haitians are still living in tent communities, with little to no access to food, water and health care.
With dozens of students signed up and more expected over the coming week, co-organizers Frances Aunon, Aaron Stoertz and Jessica Hudson have assembled a diverse panel of judges, comprised of Duke faculty and experts on Haiti. Participants will work in teams of three to five students to generate innovative ideas that help to solve a global health issue in the Haitian community, which can then be put into action. The winner of the contest will have the chance to present their idea to representatives from the Triangle Global Health Consortium, as well as potential funders, like the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.
"We've just received an overwhelmingly positive student and faculty response to the Case Competition," said Aunon, who is a Global Health Certificate student. "I hope the event will increase collaboration between undergraduate and graduate schools and provide an outlet to generate innovative ideas to address a real problem."
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Frances Aunon, Aaron Stoertz and Jessica Hudson will be participating in the Emory Global Health Case Competition, which takes place this week. We wish them luck!
DGHI Faculty Publications
The Lancet: "The Role of Academic Health Science Systems in the Transformation of Medicine"
The challenges facing the health of communities around the world are unprecedented, and the data are all too familiar. For 5 billion people living in developing countries, environmental factors and inadequacies in hygiene, economic development, and health-care access are the main causes of shortened life expectancies. Improvements in health status, including reductions in infant mortality and declining incidence of infectious diseases, are being met by the new epidemics of obesity, diabetes mellitus, and cardiovascular disease. Developed countries are beset by disparities in access to care and health outcomes, unreliable quality, and high costs. Increased demand for services, ageing populations, inadequate evidence to guide practice, and a misdirected emphasis on research and treatment in late-stage disease contribute to the high cost of health care. In many countries, these difficulties are exacerbated by fragmented health-care delivery systems, resulting in inadequate continuity of care across community, primary-care, and tertiary-care settings.
The creation of novel treatments remains protracted and expensive, new discoveries are not delivered swiftly to patients, and population-wide strategies using cheap, simple, and efficient interventions are not effectively implemented. Read more.
AIDS & Behavior: "Mental Health Treatment to Reduce HIV Transmission Risk Behavior: A Positive Prevention Model"
Kathleen J Sikkema, Melissa H Watt, Anya S Drabkin, Christina S Meade, Nathan B Hansen, Brian W Pence
Secondary HIV prevention, or ''positive prevention,'' is concerned with reducing HIV transmission risk behavior and optimizing the health and quality of life of people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA). The association between mental health and HIV transmission risk (i.e., sexual risk and poor medication adherence) is well established, although most of this evidence is observational. Further, a number of efficacious mental health treatments are available for PLWHA yet few positive prevention interventions integrate mental health treatment. We propose that mental health treatment, including behavioral and pharmacologic interventions, can lead to reductions in HIV transmission risk behavior and should be a core component of secondary HIV prevention. We present a conceptual model and recommendations to guide future research on the effect of mental health treatment on HIV transmission risk behavior among PLWHA.
AIDS & Behavior: "Stress and Coping in HIV-Positive Former Plasma/Blood Donors in China: A Test of Cognitive Appraisal Theory"
Christina S Meade, Jianping Wang, Xiuyun Lin, Hao Wu, Paul J Poppen
Throughout the 1990s, many villagers in rural China were infected with HIV through commercial plasma/blood donation. These former plasma/blood donors (FPDs) experienced many HIV-related stressors. This study tested a cognitive appraisal model of stress and coping in a sample of HIV-positive adult FPDs. Participants (N = 207) from multiple villages completed a battery of questionnaires assessing HIV-related stress, HIV symptoms, cognitive appraisal, coping behaviors, and psychological distress. Participants reported high levels of HIV-related stress, depression, and anxiety. In a structural equation model, greater HIV-related stress, HIV symptoms, and threat appraisal were directly associated with psychological distress. HIV-related stress was also indirectly associated with psychological distress through threat appraisal. In a second model, coping was found to mediate the relationship between challenge appraisal and psychological distress. Results support the utility of cognitive appraisal theory. Stress management interventions targeting HIVpositive FPDs in China are indicated. Read more.
New Employment Opportunities
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Faculty News and Funding
Sherryl Broverman Delivers Global Health Message at Beloit College Conference
Broverman, faculty director of the Global Health Certificate Program, discussed the importance of teaching global health as well as effecting change through education. Broverman is the co-founder of Women's Institute for Secondary Education and Research ( WISER), which opened an all-girls boarding school and research center in Muhuru Bay, Kenya in January. The school is giving young women the opportunity to improve their educational, economic and health outcomes in a remote part of Kenya where no woman has gone to college in 20 years. Read more.
Funding Opportunities
NEW! The Medical Education Partnership Initiative (R24)
This NIH Funding Opportunity Announcement invites proposals from foreign Institutions in sub-Saharan African countries which receive PEPFAR support and their partners to develop or expand and enhance models of medical education in Sub-Saharan Africa. Deadline May 12. Read more.
NEW! Mallinckrodt Foundation - Research Grants for Clinical and Laboratory Research Start-Up Funding
The foundation provides grants to worthy projects that are in need of initial start-up funding to move the projects forward to the point of other independent support or to support highly promising young investigators who need start-up funds. Deadline April 5. Read more.
Prevention of Sexual Transmission of HIV/AIDs in Haiti
This program aims to increase the adoption of safer sexual behaviors among sexually active youths and adults in Haiti, in order to contribute to reduced incidence of HIV infections from sexual transmission. Deadline March 22. Read more.
NEW! Healthy Eating Research: Building Evidence to Prevent Childhood Obesity
The program supports research on environmental and policy strategies with strong potential to promote healthy eating among children to prevent childhood obesity, especially among lower-income and racial and ethnic populations at highest risk for obesity. Read more.
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DGHI MSc-GH program - Call for Applications
The Duke Global Health Institute, in collaboration with the Duke Graduate School, is accepting applications for the second cohort of the Master of Science in Global Health program, which will begin in August 2010. Deadline March 29. Read more.
Global Semester Abroad in India and China: Call for Applications
Duke faculty from the Sanford School of Public Policy, the Department of Cultural Anthropology and the Duke Global Health Institute have partnered to offer undergraduate students an in-depth exploration of health and development issues in India and China. Deadline March 30. Read more.
NEW! Summer Internship with US Campaign for Burma
An internship with the U.S. Campaign for Burma is best suited for students interested in human rights, grassroots organizing, non-violent political movements, congressional advocacy, democratization, mechanisms for international justice, new media and technology, non-profit operations, South-East Asian affairs and/or Burma. Deadline March 29. Read more.
Duke-TIP in India Program: Summer Employment Opportunity
The Duke TIP in India Program is presently seeking applicants for Teaching Assistant and Residential Counselor positions for Summer 2010. Candidates for both positions must have at least sophomore standing and have a current passport that will be valid through the end of 2010. Deadline March 31. Read more.
Funding Opportunity
NEW! NSF Graduate Stem Fellows in K-12 Education
This program provides funding for graduate students in NSF-supported science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) disciplines to bring their leading research practice and findings into K-12 learning settings. Read more.
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March 17, 2010 » 4:30 - 6 pm
John Hope Franklin Center, Room 240
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Lawn of the Ackland Art Museum, Chapel Hill
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March 30 » 12-1 pm
Trent Hall, Room 124
View more upcoming events
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Video Corner
"Incomplete Combustion-the Unfinished Global Agenda for Health, Environment and Climate Protection"
University of California- Berkeley
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Other recent Global Health Seminar Videos:
Harley Feldbaum
Johns Hopkins University
Jennifer Toller Erausquin
DGHI Postdoctoral Fellow
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