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Franchisees Purchase
Half-Million Dollar Franchise Computer System
A recent case by the United States Circuit
Court for the Sixth Circuit, Heartland v. La Quinta and Baymont,
rejected the hotel franchisee's argument that the franchisor breached the
franchise agreement through its implementation of a new and costly computerized
reservations system standards regulation. In so doing, the court held that the
franchisee breached the franchise agreement when it failed to install the
computer system in conformance with the franchisor's modified system standard
regulation.
After all was said and done, the court
rendered a damages award in favor of the franchisor of a cool half of a million
dollars, including: (1) $19,852.52 in unpaid recurring fees, (2) $111,325.37 in
liquidated damages for early termination; (3) $117,866.16 in treble damages for
willful, unauthorized use of Baymont's intellectual property in violation of
the Lanham Act; and (4) $246,048.20 in attorney's fees and $8,835.74 in costs.
The court found
that Baymont's implementation of the new reservations computer system with its
attendant costs was fully contemplated and permitted under the unambiguous
terms of the franchise agreement. In so concluding, the court relied upon two
sections of the franchise agreement that expressly gave Baymont the right to
institute changes to its reservations system and require Heartland to conform
to this new system "at its sole expense." Home | About Us | Consultation | State Franchise Laws | Blog | Guest Columns | Press Releases | FAQ | Contact
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Franchisees Must Put Themselves Out of Business
in Order to Sue Franchisor
In Mac's Shell Service v. Shell Oil Products
Company the United States Supreme Court held that the Petroleum Marketing
Practices Act (Act) limits the circumstances in which franchisors may
"terminate" a service-station franchise or "fail to renew" a
franchise relationship. Typically, the franchisor
leases the service station to the franchisee and permits the franchisee to use
the franchisor's trademark and purchase the franchisor's fuel for resale. The service-station
franchisees (dealers) filed suit under the Act, alleging that a petroleum
franchisor and its assignee had constructively "terminate[d]" their franchises
and constructively "fail[ed] to renew" their franchise relationships by
substantially changing the rental terms that the dealers had enjoyed for years,
increasing costs for many of them.
The dealers asserted these claims even though they had
not been compelled to abandon their franchises, and even though they had been offered
and had accepted renewal agreements. The jury found against the franchisor and
assignee, and the District Court denied their requests for judgment as a matter
of law.
The First Circuit affirmed as to the constructive
termination claims, holding that the Act does not require a franchisee to
abandon its franchise to recover for such termination, and concluding that a
simple breach of contract by an assignee of a franchise agreement can amount to
constructive termination if the breach resulted in a material change
effectively ending the lease. The Supreme Court reversed as to the constructive
nonrenewal claims, holding that such a claim cannot be maintained once a
franchisee signs and operates under a renewal agreement.
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New Iowa Motor Vehicles Act Provides Expansive Coverage
A new Iowa law imposes on the parties to a motor vehicle dealer franchise
a duty of good faith in performance and enforcement of the franchise. It
provides that certain provisions in a franchise agreement are void, including:
a condition, stipulation, or provision restricting jurisdiction to a forum
outside the state; a provision that the franchisee consents to the jurisdiction
of a forum outside the state; a choice of law provision requiring the
application of the law of another state; a provision waiving certain statutory
rights; a condition prohibiting the franchisee from continuing another
line-make; and a condition requiring the franchisee to provide its customer
lists or service files to the franchisor. Senate Bill No. 2234 was approved
March 22, 2010, and becomes effective July 1, 2010 Home | About Us | Consultation | State Franchise Laws | Blog | Guest Columns | Press Releases | FAQ | Contact |
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GOLDSTEIN LAW GROUP, PC JEFFREY M. GOLDSTEIN, ESQ.
www.goldlawgroup.com 202-293-3947
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Franchisor to Franchisees: What You
See is What You Don't Get
In
Klosek v. The American Express and Ameriprise Financial, the United States Circuit Court for
the Eighth Circuit rejected the claims of a class of financial advisor
franchisees against their franchisor and its parent company, American Express, for
violation of the Minnesota Franchise Act, breach of contract, breach of the
implied covenant of good faith and fair dealing, and tortious interference. The
franchisees' claims arose out of the decision of American Express to spin off
the franchisor and the franchisor's subsequent adoption of a new brand,
Ameriprise.
Specifically, the franchisees claimed that, although the franchisor
retained the right to substitute the brand of its system, it breached its
obligation to provide a well-recognized brand for its system when it adopted
the new brand Ameriprise. In reaching
its conclusion the court stated that: "The franchise agreements expressly
reserve Ameriprise's right to substitute new marks at its discretion.
Consistent with this reservation, the agreements recognize that the plaintiffs
have no rights to the marks, and that there may be circumstances where
Ameriprise may not be able to use the American Express marks." This language,
according to the court, "unambiguously indicates that Ameriprise has no
obligation to supply a well-established mark to the plaintiffs." Home | About Us | Consultation | State Franchise Laws | Blog | Guest Columns | Press Releases | FAQ | Contact
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Franchisor's Alleged Anticompetitive
Conspiracy Held Permissible
In Johnson & Sons, Inc. v. Deere &
Co., an Arbitrator in a case tried before AAA held that two tractor dealerships failed to prove
any of the essential elements of their claim that a manufacturer and a
competing dealer violated the Sherman Antitrust Act. To establish a violation of
Section 1 of the Sherman Act, a party must establish a combination or
conspiracy resulting in an unreasonable restraint of trade. The only
combination or conspiracy alluded to was the one between the manufacturer and
the competing dealership; however, no such conspiracy was proven.
Further, the dealerships failed to demonstrate how certain of the
manufacturer's business policies, such as favoring larger dealerships over
smaller ones, supported a violation of Section 1. They did not show that such
practices constituted an unreasonable restraint of trade or how the
manufacturer's ability to approve or disapprove a dealership purchase supported
a violation of Section 1. Moreover, according to the Arbitrator the dealerships
did not even address such questions as the relevant market or how anything the
manufacturer allegedly did affected competition between the manufacturer and
its competitors, or whether any of the manufacturer's actions constituted an
unreasonable restraint of trade.
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Personal Guarantee of Franchisees
Held Omnipresent
In Raynor
Manufacturing v. Kelly and Janet Stoner, the Kansas State Court of Appeals
ruled that the personal guaranty executed by two individuals for the debts of a
garage door dealership business, which at the time of contracting was not
incorporated, was valid and enforceable even after the business entity was
incorporated because there was no novation or release of the guaranty. Thus,
the individuals were liable for the debts of the dealership to the
manufacturer.
The individuals argued
that the personal guaranty, executed in 1983 when the dealership was only a
partnership but not a corporation, guaranteed the debts of only the partnership
entity, and that when a new application for credit was executed on behalf of the
incorporated dealership in 1993, there was no new guaranty executed by the
individuals. In rejecting the franchisees' argument, the court pointed out that
the language of the guaranty clearly and unambiguously created a continuing
guaranty for the debts of the dealership, the relationship between the parties
remained status quo after the incorporation of the dealership, and there was no
evidence that the manufacturer extinguished, released, and/or modified the
guaranty. Although the execution and acceptance of a new credit application
after incorporation of the dealership made it a close question, the guaranty
remained in effect.
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Post-Term
Covenant Not To Compete Strictly Construed
In
Maaco Franchising Inc. v. Augustin Maaco brought suit to enforce a
post-term covenant not to compete against a
family-owned franchise after termination of the franchise agreement. The
covenant not to compete in the agreements stated that "for a period of one (1)
year after the expiration or termination
of this [Franchise] Agreement,
regardless of the cause of termination,
or the date upon which Franchisee
cease to operate the business franchised
hereunder following termination
or expiration of this [Franchise]
Agreement, whichever is later, Franchisee
shall not either directly or indirectly, for himself or through, on behalf of,
or in conjunction with any other person, persons, partnership, or corporation ...
Own, maintain, engage in, be employed by, lease real estate to, finance, or
have any interest in any business specializing in whole or in part in providing
automobile painting or body repair services or products at the premises of the
Center or within a ten (10) mile radius of any existing or proposed of any
existing or proposed Maaco location."
Even
though the court found the covenant to be valid in that it was reasonable as to
both time and territory, it refused to enforce the covenant for the full
time-period requested by the franchisor because the franchisor had not moved
quickly enough to bring the case to court after the termination. The covenant,
by its terms, lasted one year from the later of "the expiration or termination of this [Franchise] Agreement ... or the date
upon which Franchisee ceases to
operate the business franchised."
The
issue for the court was whether the one year period had commenced, and, if it
did, when. Maaco argued that the covenant should not begin to run until
Augustin stopped operating any auto painting and body repair shop or one-year
from the court's order. Maaco argued that the failure to abide by the covenant
and alleged misconduct during litigation required an equitable extension of the
covenant. In rejecting the franchisor's argument that the franchisee's
violation of the covenant not to compete extended the period of the covenant,
the court stated that under Pennsylvania law covenants not to compete are to be
strictly construed since they are "a partial restraint upon the free
exercise of trade." The court pointed out that "if Maaco wanted such
protection, it could have included language extending the covenant in the event
it was violated."
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New Maryland Franchise Disclosure Law
Requires a 14-Day Waiting Period
Maryland has amended its Franchise Registration and Disclosure Law to
require the delivery of an offering prospectus 14 calendar days (as opposed to
10 business days) before the execution of an agreement or the payment of
consideration or a reasonable request by a prospective franchisee. House Bill
No. 1202 was approved April 13, 2010, and becomes effective October 1, 2010
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Thanks for your interest in our Newsletter, and we look forward to answering any questions you might have either on the cases discussed in this issue of Franchise Trends, or on general trends in franchise law.
www.goldlawgroup.com Jeff Goldstein Goldstein Law Group |
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