ECONOMY STILL STUCK IN LOW GEAR

Normally, deep recessions are followed by strong growth. But, not this time. More than a year after the recession officially ended, we're still stuck with a 9.6% unemployment rate and an economy that grew at a 1.7% annualized rate in the second quarter, down from 3.7% in the first quarter, according to The Wall Street Journal and Bloomberg.

On September 24, a concerned Ben Bernanke said, "A concerted policy effort has so far not produced an economic recovery of sufficient vigor to significantly reduce the high level of unemployment." That was followed on September 30 by comments from New York Fed president William Dudley who said, "Further action is likely to be warranted unless the economic outlook evolves in a way that makes me more confident that we will see better outcomes for both employment and inflation before too long." Together, these comments suggest to some market participants that the Fed is gearing up to dole out more goodies to reignite growth.

INTEREST RATES KEEP DROPPING

Investors still have a large appetite for bonds and the government and corporations stepped in to supply it "as new-debt issuance broke records and interest rates fell toward generational lows" in the third quarter, according to The Wall Street Journal. Like a coin, there are two sides to low interest rates.

On the plus side, low rates are a boon to corporations and banks as it lowers their borrowing costs and encourages them to reinvest in their businesses. It also helps the government because it lowers their borrowing costs.

On the negative side, savers get pinched. According to Dan Dekta, chief investment officer at Smith Breeden Associates, "The Fed has effectively been taxing money-market funds [by cutting short-term interest rates] to recapitalize the financial system and to make things easier on borrowers." So, if you're a saver, you get near zip on your savings while borrowers reap the savings.  

THE DOLLAR DILEMMA

"The dollar seems to be the ugliest girl at the dance," according to Lane Newman, director of foreign exchange at ING Groep NV in New York as quoted in Bloomberg. With the U.S. economy still relatively weak, investors are losing enthusiasm for the dollar because they fear the Fed will drive down interest rates even further. Low interest rates make the dollar less attractive relative to other countries that may offer higher rates. This concern helped drive the dollar to a third quarter loss that was its worst quarterly loss in eight years, according to MarketWatch.

A weak dollar does benefit U.S. exporters because it makes our products less expensive to foreign consumers. A strong export economy could help lower our unemployment rate and that's one reason why our government is not too concerned about a weak dollar. Here's the catch, though. Other countries may want a cheap currency, too, so they can revive their own exports. Since the value of a currency is only measured in relation to another currency (or a precious metal like gold), if too many countries try to devalue their currency, then it becomes a "race to the bottom." In that scenario, it's likely nobody will win.

And, speaking of gold, it hit record highs in the third quarter. John Roque of WJB Capital was quoted in Barron's as saying, "all the price of gold tells you is what paper money isn't worth." And, as gold keeps going higher, that suggests people are getting less and less comfortable with the value of paper money.

SUMMARY

The big rally in the third quarter was preceded by a big drop in the second quarter. Net, net, after nine months, the S&P 500 index is up 2.3% for the year. Despite a lot of huffing and puffing, we're still just about where we started the year. So, yes, the trading range is still alive and well.