Food For Thought |
Consider quality of life and dignity issues of your enterally fed residents when you visit them and review their tube feedings monthly. Does the facility try to place enterally fed residents in rooms together? Or does the resident with a tube feeding have to see and smell the food that his roommate gets to eat three times a day without being able to taste it himself. If that scenario is happening often, bring it up to the IDT to consider changing dining location or changing rooms to allow for dignity for the enterally fed resident. Refer to the speech therapist if appropriate for evaluation of resident's ability to have any food for oral gratification to improve his quality of life.
email or call me at the office 916-364-5300.
Janet Montano, RD Director of Menu Services |
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Contact the Editor | Please send your RDNews comments, suggestions & questions to Judy Morgan, MBA, RD |
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Greetings!
This issue of RDNews is the second of the series by Kelly Scanlon, RD taken from her nutrition support traineeship at the University of Virginia Health System. For more information about this, visit their website. |
| by; Kelly Scanlon, RD
(Access a pdf of the full article or go to HMC Staff Site:RD Toolbox>  Reference File > Medical Nutrition Therapy)
Tube feedings have often been associated with patient diarrhea. Nurses have requested a change in TF r/t diarrhea or MD's order flushes of apple juice or Gatorade for diarrhea, especially if a patient is hyponatremic as well. Enteral nutrition does not directly cause diarrhea or constipation unless the GI tract is altered (Celiac, Crohns, Short Gut etc.). In fact, the contrary can be quite true. A patient can even be constipated & malabsorptive at the same time as a result of narcotic use as well as having a GI alteration. Osmolality of formula is often blamed as one of the potential causes of diarrhea. However, more than likely, foods &/or beverages taken orally (if patients are eating) and medications have a higher osmolality than any formula given. The osmolality of most formulas is between 250 - 710 mOsm. Juice is approximately 950 mOsm while lasix is 3938 mOsm. There is no evidence that suggests diluting the enteral nutrition is beneficial. Diluting and or stopping the TF can actually be detrimental in patients who are malnourished and needing all of the nutrition they can get. Prior to rushing to change the formula from a 1.5 kcal/ml to a 1.0kcal/ml formula, follow these steps to help determine the appropriate cause & treatment of patient's loose stools.
- Ask for a medication review so any laxatives can first be discontinued. Diarrhea causing ingredients include: sorbitol, lactulose, magnesium, phosphate, sugars, lactose. (Note many liquid medications are hyperosmolar & contain sorbitol)
- Rule out infectious disease such as C-Diff
- Try adding soluble fiber to a patient's diet (if patient receives food p.o.)
- Consider anti-diarrheals (such as Immodium) once infection is ruled out
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RD Tip |
There are 2 types of diarrhea: Osmotic & Secretory.
Osmotic diarrhea results from a poorly absorbed osmotic agent & will pull water into the GI tract preventing absorption. Osmotic diarrhea stops when the food, liquid or medication is held. Examples include lactose, sorbitol, magnesium & sugars.
Secretory diarrhea results from chloride secretion into the lumen of the bowel which inhibits sodium & chloride absorption. Examples include Infections: C.Diff; Inflammatory diseases: Crohns, Celiac; Dysregulation: Diabetes, Hyperthyroid. Secretory diarrhea continues > 24 hrs after NPO status. Determining which type of diarrhea a patient has will aid in determining the correct cause & intervention.
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Dear Dietitian |
Thanks again to Kelly for sharing some of her nutrition support training with our RDs. We will be hearing more about tube feedings over the next 6 months as this F-tag in the federal regulations is being revised by CMS with more in-depth guidance to surveyors being developed, similar to what we saw with the revisions to F325 Nutrition and F371 Sanitation. We will share this with you when the regulations roll out this year.
Sincerely,
Judy Morgan, MBA, RDHM Composite |
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