The following is a list of hotlines that provide support and resources on teen dating violence.

National Dating Abuse Helpline- The National Dating Abuse Helpline is the direct service provider behind loveisrespect.org, operating the 24/7 phone, text and chat services. The Helpline, originally known as "loveisrespect.org, National Teen Dating Abuse Helpline," was launched in February 2007 with help from founding sponsor, Liz Claiborne Inc. It is a national, 24-hour resource specifically designed for teens and young adults. Accessible by phone or internet, the National Dating Abuse Helpline operates from a call center in Austin, Texas.  

To contact the Helpline, call 1-866-331-9474 or TTY 1-866-331-8453.  Seek online support at www.loveisrespect.org through the live chat feature, or text 'loveis' directly to 77054 to begin a text chat with an advocate.

National Domestic Violence Hotline (800-799-SAFE) - The mission of the National Domestic Violence Hotline is to provide crisis intervention, safety planning, information, and referrals for individuals experiencing domestic violence. The hotline is available 24 hours a day and assistance is offered in numerous languages. To learn more about the hotline, go to: http://www.thehotline.org

The following organizations and projects focus on LGBTQ and minority issues.

Hear My Voice is the first national campaign specifically designed for LGBTQ youth. It's powered by Break the Cycle and sponsored by the DOJ's Office of Victims of Crime: http://hearmyvoice.breakthecycle.org/

New York City Anti-Violence Project is dedicated to eliminating hate violence, sexual assault, stalking and domestic violence in lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer and HIV-affected communities: http://www.avp.org/victiminfo.htm 

Show Me Love! (Washington, DC) raises awareness about healthy relationships and provides resources for LGBTQ survivors of intimate partner violence: http://showmelovedc.org/ 

Institute on Domestic Violence in the African American Community focuses on the unique circumstances of African Americans as they face issues related to domestic violence: http://www.idvaac.org/ 

Casa De Esperanza mobilizes Latinos/Latinas to stop domestic violence and leads the National Latin@ Network for Healthy Families and Communities: http://www.casadeesperanza.org/ 

Alianza, the National Latino Alliance for the Elimination of Domestic Violence, addresses the needs of Latino/a families and communities: http://dvalianza.org/ 

Asian & Pacific Islander Institute on Domestic Violence is a national resource center and clearinghouse on gender violence in Asian American, Native Hawaiian and Pacific Islander communities: http://www.apiidv.org/ 

Tribal Institute collects documents and hyperlinks to help professionals handling domestic violence cases and issues within Native American communities: http://www.tribal-institute.org/lists/domestic.htm 

National Indigenous Women's Resource Center - This resource center raises public awareness about violence committed against Native women and their children and provides technical assistance and training, develops policy, and engages in research activities.  NIWRC also holds webinars, maintains a speakers bureau resource list, and produces Restoration Magazine.  For more information about NIWRC, go to: http://www.niwrc.org/

The following is a summary of current programs working to prevent of teen dating violence.

Adverse Childhood Experiences and Risk of Physical Violence in Adolescent Dating Relationships - This study, published in Journal of Epidemiology & Community Health, evaluates associations of commonly co-occurring childhood adversities with physical violence in dating relationships to identify potential strategies for refining and targeting dating violence prevention programs. To read the abstract, visit: http://jech.bmj.com/content/65/11/1006.short

CDC Teen Dating Violence Fact Sheet, 2009 - This fact sheet from the Center for Disease Control outlines why dating violence is a public health problem, who is at risk for dating violence, how dating violence can be prevented, and where you can go to learn more about teen dating violence. To read CDC's fact sheet, visit: http://www.cdc.gov/violenceprevention/pdf/TeenDatingViolence2009-a.pdf

A Critical Review of Interventions for the Primary Prevention of Perpetration of Partner Violence, 2005 - This study from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the Research Triangle Institute presents a systematic review of recent interventions for primary prevention of partner violence. A total of 11 programs met inclusion criteria for the review. All 11 studies used some combination of feminist theory and social learning theory as a basis for the intervention. All targeted middle- or high-school aged students, and all but one were set in a school setting and were universal interventions (i.e., were not targeted to an at risk group). To read the full review, visit: http://www.lancs.ac.uk/shm/dhr/courses/dclinpsy/ArchiveByTopic/Reviews/quantSysRev1.pdf

Dating Violence Among Gay, Lesbian, and Bisexual Adolescents: Results from a Community Survey, 2002 - This article, published in the Journal of Adolescent Health, analyzes self-report surveys from 521 adolescents at a GLB youth rally in order to characterize the prevalence of dating violence experienced by gay, lesbian, bisexual (GLB), and heterosexual adolescents. Respondents were asked about dating violence, including types of abuse, threats of "outing," and gender of abuser. Multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to test group differences. To read the study, visit: http://www.ucm.es/info/rqtr/biblioteca/Violencia%20gltb/dating%20violence%20among%20gltb%20adolescence.pdf

Dating Violence and Associated Sexual Risk and Pregnancy Among Adolescent Girls in the United States, 2004 - This study, published in the American Academy of Pediatrics, was conducted to assess the annual prevalence of physical violence from dating partners among a representative sample of sexually experienced adolescent girls attending US public and private high schools, as well as sexual risk behaviors and pregnancy among this population. To achieve this objective, researchers analyzed results from the 2001 National Youth Risk Behavior Survey. To view the article, visit: http://pediatrics.aappublications.org/content/114/2/e220.full.pdf+html

Date Violence and Date Rape Among Adolescents: Associations with Disordered Eating Behaviors and Psychological Health, 2002 - The goal of the study, published in Child Abuse & Neglect, was to assess the prevalence of date violence and rape in adolescents, to examine associations between date violence and rape and disordered eating behaviors and psychopathology, and to determine if these associations remain significant after controlling for sociodemographic characteristics and other physical and sexual abuse by an adult. For this study a Minnesota school-based sample of 81,247 boys and girls in 9th and 12th grades completed the 1998 Minnesota Student Survey was analyzed. To view the abstract, visit: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=pubmed&Cmd=Retrieve&list_uids=12079084&dopt=abstractplus

Dating Violence, Sexual Assault, and Suicide Attempts Among Urban Teenagers, 2007 - This article, published in Pediatrics & Adolescent Medicine, evaluates the relationship between dating violence, sexual assault, and suicide attempts among urban adolescents by conducting secondary analysis of the 2005 New York City Youth Risk Behavior Survey. To read the study, visit: http://archpedi.ama-assn.org/cgi/reprint/161/6/539.pdf

Dating Violence and Sexually Transmitted Disease/HIV Testing and Diagnosis Among Adolescent Females, 2005 - This study, published in the American Academy of Pediatrics, was conducted to assesses associations between dating violence and STD/HIV testing and diagnosis among a representative sample of sexually active adolescent girls. Data from 9th- to 12th-grade female students completing the 1999 and 2001 Massachusetts Youth Risk Behavior Surveys and reporting having ever had sexual intercourse (N = 1641) were examined. Odds ratios for STD/HIV testing and diagnosis that were based on experiences of dating violence and adjusted for STD/HIV risk behaviors and demographics were calculated. To read this study, visit: http://www.pediatricsdigest.mobi/content/116/2/e272.full.pdf+html

Developing Teen Dating Violence Prevention Strategies: Formative Research With Middle School Youth, 2009 - This article from the Center for Disease Control and Prevention discusses findings from focus groups with middle school youth to determine behaviors and beliefs regarding dating violence. To develop effective prevention messages, participants were asked questions about characteristics of middle school dating relationships, healthy relationships, relationship norms, unhealthy relationships, emotional abuse, physical abuse, sexual abuse, intervening in violent situations, and trusted sources for information about dating violence. To access the article (subscription required), visit: http://vaw.sagepub.com/content/15/9/1087.abstract

Interpersonal and Physical Dating Violence among Teens, 2008

This study by the National Council on Crime and Delinquency (NCCD) examines the prevalence and patterns of interpersonal violence among adolescents, analyzed data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's Youth Risk Behavior Survey (YRBS). This paper attempts to bring to light various aspects of a little-studied issue of critical importance, especially to youth. To read the study, visit: http://www.nccd-crc.org/nccd/pubs/2008_focus_teen_dating_violence.pdf

Intimate Partner Abuse and the Reproductive Health of Sexually Active Female Adolescents, 2004 - The purpose of this study, published in the Journal of Adolescent Health, was conducted to determine the associations between verbal and minor physical abuse by an intimate partner and reproductive health behavior by running logistic regression analyses of 1996 cross-sectional data from 973 sexually active, dating female adolescents surveyed for wave II of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health Public Use Dataset examining the relationship between abuse by an intimate partner and reproductive health. To access the study (registration required), visit: http://sparkaction.org/resources/30413

Linking Dating Violence, Peer Violence, and Suicidal Behaviors Among High-Risk Youth, 2008 - This article, published in American Journal of Preventative Medicine, analyzes data from the Youth Violence Survey conducted in 2004. This survey was administered to over 80% of public school students in grades 7, 9, 11, and 12 (N=4131) in a high-risk, urban school district. Analyses were restricted to adolescents who dated in the past year (n=2888). Five forms of violent behaviors (i.e., dating violence perpetration, dating violence victimization, peer violence perpetration, peer violence victimization, and suicide attempts) were examined. The objective of this study was to quantify the associations among suicide attempts, and date and peer violence victimization and perpetration and to determine any differences in these associations by gender. To access the study (subscription required), visit: http://www.ajpmonline.org/article/S0749-3797%2807%2900614-9/abstract

Long-Term Impact of Adolescent Dating Violence on the Behavioral and Psychological Health of Male and Female Youth, 2007 - This study, published in the Journal of Pediatrics, evaluates the long-term impact of adolescent dating violence (ADV) on behavioral and psychological health through the analysis of a diverse sample of older adolescents who completed Project EAT in 1999 (wave 1) and 2004 (wave 2; mean age 20.4), 23 male and 102 female adolescents reporting ADV were compared with 671 male and 720 female adolescents reporting no ADV. To view the abstract, visit: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17961688

Minnesota Center Against Violence and Abuse (MINCAVA)'s Electronic Clearinghouse - The MINCAVA Electronic Clearing House collects teen dating violence documents for easy view and download. To view the resource, visit: http://www.teendvmonth.org/dating-violence-resources

National Institute of Justice Study Finds School Interventions Significantly Reduce Dating Violence, 2011 - A National Institute of Justice (NIJ) study has found that school-level interventions reduced dating violence as much as 50 percent in 30 New York City public schools. These interventions included using school-based restraining orders, increasing faculty and security presence in dating violence "hot spots," and hanging posters to increase awareness of the issue and encourage students to report it to officials. NIJ is a research branch of the Office of Justice Programs at the U.S. Department of Justice. To read the full report, visit: https://www.ncjrs.gov/pdffiles1/nij/grants/236175.pdf

National Intimate Partner and Sexual Violence Survey - Begun in 2010, the CDC's National Intimate Partner and Sexual Violence Survey is an ongoing, nationally represen­tative random digit dial telephone survey that collects information about experiences of sexual violence, stalking, and intimate partner violence among non-institutionalized English and/or Spanish-speaking women and men aged 18 or older in the U.S.  To learn more about the NISVS, go to: http://www.cdc.gov/violenceprevention/nisvs/.  To read the NISVS 2010 summary report, go to: http://www.cdc.gov/ViolencePrevention/pdf/NISVS_Report2010-a.pdf  

Patterns of Intimate Partner Violence Victimization from Adolescence to Young Adulthood in a Nationally Representative Sample, 2008 - This collaboration between the Department of Maternal and Child Health and the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill aims to determine the prevalence of patterns of intimate partner violence (IPV) victimization from adolescence to young adulthood, and document associations with selected sociodemographic and experiential factors. To achieve this objective, researchers used prospective data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health to group 4134 respondents reporting only opposite-sex romantic or sexual relationships in adolescence and young adulthood into four victimization patterns: no IPV victimization, adolescent-limited IPV victimization, young adult onset IPV victimization, and adolescent-young adult persistent IPV victimization. To read the study, visit: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1054139X09001219

Severe Dating Violence and Quality of Life among South Carolina High School Students, 2000 - This study, published in Pediatrics, analyzes surveys of participants in the 2001 National Youth Risk Behavior Survey to assess the annual prevalence of physical violence from dating partners among a representative sample of sexually experienced adolescent girls attending US public and private high schools, as well as sexual risk behaviors and pregnancy among this population. To read the study, visit: http://www.pediatricsdigest.mobi/content/114/2/e220.full

Teen Dating Violence: A Closer Look at Adolescent Romantic Relationships, 2008 -

This article by Mulford and Giordano, published in the National Institute of Justice, synthesizes what the research says on the victims and perpetrators of teen dating violence, applies adult perspectives to the issue, discusses the power relationship in teen dating violence, and where researchers and prevention specialists can go from here. To read the article, visit: https://www.ncjrs.gov/pdffiles1/nij/224089.pdf

Teen Dating Violence Facts, National Teen Dating Violence Prevention Initiative, 2006 - This fact sheet from the National Teen Dating Violence Prevention Initiative outlines the prevalence and frequency of teen dating violence, parental and teen awareness of the issue, incident reporting, contributing factors, and the legacy of relationship abuse. To view the fact sheet, visit: http://www.clotheslineproject.org/teendatingviolencefacts.pdf

Teen Dating Violence: A Review of Risk Factors and Prevention Efforts, 2005 -

The focus of this article from the National Online Resource Center on Violence Against Women is twofold: 1) to provide a critical review of the dating violence literature with respect to potential risk factors for both perpetrators and victims; and 2) to examine the empirical research regarding the effectiveness of prevention and intervention programs targeting teen dating violence. Before reviewing the existing literature, two areas are discussed briefly: prevalence rates and the issue of mutual aggression.To read the article, visit: http://new.vawnet.org/Assoc_Files_VAWnet/AR_TeenDatingViolence.pdf

Tween and Teen Dating Violence and Abuse Study, 2008 - Liz Claiborne, Inc. and Teen Research Unlimited conducted 2,000-plus online interviews of tweens (11-14), parents of tweens, and teens (15-18) and convened a teen research panel to study adolescent relationships, sexual activity, and abusive dating relationships. To read the study findings, visit: http://www.loveisrespect.org/wp-content/uploads/2008/07/tru-tween-teen-study-feb-081.pdf

What Accounts for Demographic Differences in Trajectories of Adolescent Dating Violence? An Examination of Intrapersonal and Contextual Mediators, 2008 - This article from the Journal of Adolescent Health analyses multi-wave data from 959 adolescents using formal mediation analysis in a multilevel analytical framework to identify intrapersonal and contextual factors that mediate associations between demographic variables (minority status, socioeconomic status, family structure, gender, and neighborhood disadvantage) and trajectories of moderate and severe physical dating violence perpetration from ages 13-19 years. To access the study (subscription required), visit: http://www.jahonline.org/article/S1054-139X%2807%2900492-2/abstract