NewsletterOctober 2011
in this issue
The Case for Interdiction
10 Common Indicators for Highway Drug Interdiction
Motives For False Confessions
Legal Update

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By Bill Woessner

Today criminal organizations are sophisticated enterprises that operate on a global scale. These organizations are increasingly difficult for law enforcement to identify and penetrate. One area of vulnerability for these organizations is the transportation centers they must use along with everyone else. Trained law enforcement officers have developed methods over the past four decades to detect criminal activity occurring in transportation centers and employed these methods to interdict individuals traveling through these hubs.

Interdiction is a means of narrowing the field of possible suspects from the thousands of legitimate traveling passengers to those few who are most likely involved in criminal activity. Many trained law enforcement officers currently work in interdiction units at various transportation centers in the U.S. and throughout the world. These units need to be expanded, or created where they do not currently exist, because the interdiction units are not only effective in targeting criminal elements, but have been a very effective tool in identifying and stopping terrorist activity. 
 
 

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by Andrew Hawkes, Author of
Secrets of Successful Highway Drug Interdiction

 

In today's drug smuggling world, highway drug traffickers are constantly attempting to think of new an innovative ways to conceal their contraband from law enforcement. Little do they realize that the same methods they come up with have been being used for decades by their predecessors. Through thousands of narcotic interdiction arrests by skilled interdiction officers all over the country, we have learned many of these traits and characteristics. Below, I have outlined ten popular techniques that highway drug traffickers attempt to use in hopes that they will successfully get their dope to their destination. By familiarizing yourself with some of these tips, you too can increase your interdiction success. Keep in mind you must always have probable cause to stop a vehicle.

  1. MASKING ODORS.
    We have all heard of highway drug smugglers attempting to use large amounts of air fresheners in their vehicles. Not only can you look at for the famous "Christmas Tree" air fresheners hanging from the rear view mirror and other places in the vehicle, but you can also be aware of several other tactics that you may not have picked up on in the past. For example, do you notice several bottles of cologne or perfume in the car, and have they recently been sprayed prior or during your traffic stop of the vehicle? Is there a large bag of scented pipe tobacco, opened, laying in the vehicle but you notice the driver is smoking a cigarette? Or maybe you find it odd that as soon as you stop the car, the driver lights up a cigarette immediately, filling the car with smoke, but has no desire to roll down the windows? These are all examples of masking the odor on the surface of the stop. Masking odors placed directly onto packages of contraband can include animal urine, cayenne pepper, mustard, animal blood, oil and just about anything they feel may frighten off a drug canine or further mask the odor of contraband.
        

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By  John Reid & Associates

 

To date, the innocence project has freed in excess of 200 individuals from prison based on DNA evidence.* These innocent defendants were found guilty of serious felonies such as murder and rape.* Furthermore, about twenty percent of them confessed to committing the crime either to the police during an interrogation, or to a judge as a result of a plea bargain with the prosecutor.* What causes innocent people to confess to crimes they did not commit?

 

The simple answer is that, at the time of the confession, many of these suspects believed that it was in their best interest to confess, e.g., escape a death sentence, keep children out of a foster home, etc.* However, when evaluating individual cases, a number of specific motivations can be identified.* When evaluating the trustworthiness of a confession, the investigator, prosecutor and judge should consider the following motivations for false confessions.

 

Tangible Gains

When speaking of the value of the polygraph technique, John Reid told the following story.* A man from Chicago confessed to a homicide that occurred in California.* The man was extradited to the west coast and charged with the killing.* At that point he recanted his confession, and explained that he was seeking to escape the cold weather of Illinois.* Of course, no one believed him until Reid was able to verify his truthfulness through the polygraph technique.* Other examples of tangible gains that may lead to a false confession include seeking shelter, food, medical care, and protection (being hunted by drug lords).* These suspects may come forward and confess without any interrogation (the so-called voluntary false confession), or confess after a relatively short and mild interrogation.* Once their need has been satisfied, they recant the confession but find that it is much easier to be charged with a crime than having the charges dropped.

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Reprinted from WWW.PATC.COM

 

 

Firearms and Terry Stops 

    

by Brian S. Batterton, Attorney

PATC Legal & Liability Risk Management Institute (www.llrmi.com)

  

Questions often arise as to whether the mere possession of a firearm in public, absent some other illegal conduct, legally justifies a brief investigatory detention or

Terry Stop. This is not an easy question to answer because each state is free to interpret their firearms possession and firearms permit laws as they wish. Typically, if a state views a firearms permit as an affirmative defense to the state statute that prohibits unlawful possession of a firearm or concealed weapons, then the fact that a person possesses a firearm in public is likely to amount to sufficient reasonable suspicion to justify a brief investigatory detention to determine if the person possesses a firearms permit. On the other hand, if a state views the absence of a permit as an element of the crime of unlawful possession of a firearm or concealed weapon, then questions arise as to whether mere possession of a firearm, without some other articulable manifestations of criminal conduct, will justify an investigatory detention. 

 

 

 

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