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Welcome to the Policetraining.net Newsletter
In this issue
we continue to bring you important training topics of current interest.
Thanks for subscribing, and please forward this along to a law enforcement collegue you think may benefit. |
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 Paralinguistic Communication
By
John E. Reid & Associates
The paralinguistic
channel of communication is defined as speech characteristics falling outside of
the spoken word. Just as a subject's nonverbal behavior can completely alter the
meaning of words within a verbal response, paralinguistic behaviors can modify
the meaning behind words. Consider the following conversation:
Joe: "Hey Mike, I've got to pick my kid up from baseball practice in a half an
hour. Would you mind staying late to write this report?"
Mike: "Oh sure. No problem."
To illustrate the significance of paralinguistic communication, read Mike's
response out-loud first in a sincere manner, where Mike does not mind writing
the report at all. Then read Mike's response in a sarcastic manner, where he
expresses clear resentment in being asked to write the report. If you are like
most people, you altered your voice inflection, as well as rate and pitch to
send two different messages using the same words. During an interview,
monitoring a subject's paralinguistic behaviors can offer great insight into the
true meaning behind the words used in a response. A number of paraliguistic
clues have been identified that relate to a subject's truthfulness or deception.
The following discussion relates to only three of these.
Response Latency
Response latency is defined as the duration of time between the last word of the
investigator's question and the first word of the subject's response. Research
reveals that the average response latency for truthful subjects is .5 seconds,
whereas the average latency for deceptive subjects is 1.5 seconds. Especially
when a subject is asked a straight-forward question such as, "Last night did you
see Jimmy at all?" a denial that comes after a two or three second delay should
be viewed as highly suspicious.
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The FBI data "Law Enforcement
Officers Killed/Assaulted" from 1983 through 1998 indicates that twenty (20) law
enforcement officers were killed by knife assaults. To put this data in
perspective, one thousand forty one (1,041) law enforcement officers were killed
by firearms during the same period.* Although a single loss of life is one too
many, 20 deaths in 16 years is not the kind of total that would cause
administrators to make knife defense training a mandatory block of instruction
for their officers.
However, looking at the assault totals from the same tables,
there were 23,657 officers assaulted by knives/cutting
instruments. These assaults account for almost 29 per cent of
the assaults against law enforcement officers during this time
period.* These totals certainly indicate that officers would
greatly benefit from knife defense training.
Protecting officers from edged weapon assaults is obviously the
primary goal of knife defense training, but officers can gain
other benefits from this training. To obtain expert information
in this field, the author interviewed Mr. Don Garon, owner of
L.E.C. Survival Training and a student of the Filipino blade
arts for the past 18 years. Mr. Garon has studied with such
notables as Dan Inosanto, the late Mike Inay, and Edgar Sulite.
He is the co-author of PPCT's Spontaneous Knife Defense program..
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 With Brian Willis
W.I.N. is a simple but powerful
acronym used by the famous college football coach Lou Holtz. It stands for 'What's
Important Now'. He reminded his players at Notre Dame to ask themselves this
question 35 times a day; when they awakened in the morning, in class and study
hall, the weight room, the practice field, the sidelines during a game and when
on the field during games.
As law enforcement professionals we need to take a lesson from Coach Holtz and
ask ourselves this same question 35 times a day. By doing this we are forced to
focus on what is important at that moment of time, for example, to prioritize
our mission, the threats and the actions necessary to WIN that confrontation. As
law enforcement trainers we also need to ask ourselves this question continually
to ensure that we are focused on what is important in our training. This is
critical in order to properly prepare our officers for their chosen profession
and to prepare them to be winners and warriors. The purpose of this column is to
stimulate thought, debate, and reflection on critical issues in use of force
training and to challenge all of us to focus on What's Important Now.
This issue of
W.I.N. will examine some ideas on enhancing officer's learning by making
training 'sticky'. There is an interesting book on marketing ideas called Made
to Stick written by Chip and Dan Heath. The book examines why some stories,
ideas and slogans are 'sticky' and others are not and how can companies make
their marketing ideas sticky. Sticky refers to ideas that people remember and
can easily recall.
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Law Enforcement Employment is on the Rise
Dennis Porter, Los Angeles Sheriff's Department, Ret. In spite of a tough national job market, the outlook for employment in law enforcement and related fields for the next 6 to 7 years could not be better. Specifically, the Bureau of Labor Statistics believes the field will need to hire for approximately 268,500 more law enforcement related job positions by 2012. The varied opportunities in this field range from police officers and corrections officers to border patrol agents and crime scene processors. Why is the job market thriving? The answer in part is that baby boomers are retiring by the thousands on a daily basis. As the baby boomers employed in law enforcement retire, police agencies across the nation are scrambling to fill in behind them with new applicants. I personally have talked to dozens of policing agencies across the nation, and all repeat the same thing, "We cannot find enough qualified applicants to replace the retiring baby boomer generation." If a prospective police officer applicant were to look only at federal law enforcement jobs, he or she would learn from a 2007 report of "Where the Jobs Are," the Federal Government alone will need to hire 60,000 people in security, law enforcement, and compliance assistance jobs by 2009. Municipalities, counties, and states need to hire at comparable levels to fill open positions.
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 Top Ten Murphy's Laws of Law Enforcement:
- If you have just punched out a handcuffed prisoner for spitting at you, you are about to become a star on 'Eyewitness News'.
- Bullets work on veteran cops too. They also work on weight lifters, martial arts experts, department marksmen, vice cops, SWAT jocks, and others who consider themselves immortal.
- When a civilian sees a blue light approaching at a high rate of speed, he will always pull into the lane the cop needs to use.
- The better you do your job, the more likely you are to be shot,
injured, complained about, sued, investigated, or subpoenaed on your
day off.
- You can never drive slow enough to please the citizens who don't need a cop, and you can never drive fast enough to please the ones who do.
- Any suspect with a rifle is a better shot than any cop with a pistol.
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Never do a shotgun search of a dark warehouse with a cop whose nickname is "Boomer".
- On any call, there will always be more 'bad guys' than there are good guys, and the farther away your back-up, the more there will be.
- The longer you've been a cop, the shorter your flashlight and your temper gets.
- Whatever you are about to do, if there is a good chance it will get you killed, you probably shouldn't do it.
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