"Negotiation"
typically brings to mind compromise - painful compromise. In compromise people
focus on trying to win most and lose least. Such courtroom mentality makes
winning and losing the key issues. Here adversaries focus on how much they give
up and how little they gain. No one is happy.
Really listening can provide the mutual understanding necessary to
make negotiating work. Listening gives people the sense that their concerns are
taken seriously, making it easier to cooperate. Listening first will help you get more of what you really want and give away less that matters to you.
Negotiators who shift from clinging to rights against each other can
develop understanding and concern for what lies beneath the issues. Parties who
listen long enough to understand each other can more readily offer creative
options or concessions that meet real needs and move the process along.
Without understanding we make offers based on what we think others
want, resulting in proposals that not only do not satisfy, but give away things
that are painful and unnecessary to lose. In a poor negotiation, we scratch the backs of others where they
don't itch and no one scratches our backs where we do itch.
If
we carefully listen to each other, we tend to resist less, because we feel
heard. This increases our chances of shifting from adversaries to cohorts. Then
we can better discover each other's real itches and target our scratching.
Relieved itching in negotiation improves outcomes for everyone.
Effective negotiation presumes a level of openness, honesty, and good
will. Good listening can help by allowing negotiators to sense that we're in
the situation with rather than against each other. When you listen well, you
grow in concern for the talker and become more ready act on their behalf.
Some negotiations are really difficult ─ we don't like those we're
negotiating with; our values and principles are diametrically opposed; or we're
middle management, caught between the boss and the customer. Think of an
insurance adjuster, sandwiched between the company who doesn't want to give
money away and the insured who wants big bucks ─ a set up for no one to be
happy. The adjuster's communication skills can help the insured and the insurer
feel heard and understood, even when neither gets quite what they want.
Effective listening makes a middle ground solution seem more palatable to both.
If the negotiation involves a
principle you can't let go, or the company policy is inflexible, having the
negotiators be heard and understood still holds the best possibility for coming
up with workable solutions. At minimum, cohorts who've been heard and
understood, can more easily agree to disagree.
To
successfully negotiate a difficult deal, one that makes both parties relatively
happy, takes effective listening, that is long enough get under the surface, to
deeper concerns. There people come to respect each other and can work together
to come up with creative solutions neither had thought about earlier. Good luck
and listen well.