Newsletter #6 |May 2010Jim LaValle, R.Ph., CCN, MS - America's Natural Pharmacist.


Metabolic Minute: Learn to feel healthy every day  -  LaValle Metabolic Institute
James LaValle, R.Ph., MS

Note from Jim LaValle


Bowel Cleanses Do Not Equal Detox
 
In recent years I have seen a huge resurgence in detoxification as a way to be healthier, and somehow bowel cleansing has become synonymous with detoxifying.
 
If you have ever done a bowel cleanse, you know they typically involve spending a whole lot of time on the toilet. That whole process of elimination may make you feel better or not,  but are you accomplishing your true goal and do you even know what that is?  Many people choose to do "cleanses" just because they're the "in" thing or they've heard that it's the only way to de-gunk their intestines and that it can help with weight loss.  Really, there's no science behind most of these cleanses and they can leave your body dehydrated, your bowels irritated and perhaps worse-off than you were in the first place! 
 
But more importantly, many bowel-cleansing programs do almost nothing to truly enhance the body's detoxification systems.  And detoxification is an important step to take for good health.
 
Some medical professionals believe our bodies are totally equipped to deal with toxins and that efforts to enhance detox are not needed.  But I disagree.  I believe that the drastically increased numbers of chemicals our bodies are exposed to today via air, water, foods, personal care products, cleaners and more can quickly max out what the body can keep up with, especially when you factor in things like medications and other substances we use like alcohol and caffeine that can challenge the detox pathways of the liver. 
 
And years of clinical experience has shown me that, when done right, taking measures to help improve the natural detoxification process of the body can measurably help people with their health.  In fact, I believe that detox enhancements may one day be viewed as necessary for chronic disease prevention. This month's article will help you understand the why's and how's so read on!


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How to Do a Real Detox
 
So why detox?  To avoid major health catastrophes. Today the medical literature is proving just how much environmental toxins can disrupt the metabolism of the body and are involved in many chronic diseases. 
 
Lead is linked to hypertension, heart disease and osteoporosis.  Mercury is a neurotoxin and it disrupts immune and thyroid function.  Certain pesticides are now known to cause insulin resistance and are linked with diabetes.  And several environmental toxins are linked with cancer, ADD and ADHD, Alzheimer's, Parkinson's disease, and are even linked to criminal behavior.
 
Here are some of the ways in which toxins can contribute to poor health and chronic disease.  Heavy metals produce free radicals--highly reactive molecules that damage cell membranes and DNA.(1,2)  Mercury is so disruptive to fetal brain development that the US government issues warnings to pregnant women to limit mercury-laden fish consumption.(3)  Heavy metals also displace nutrients such as iron, calcium and magnesium, zinc, and selenium by binding to their receptor sites thus interfering with what that nutrient was supposed to do.  For example, lead displaces iron and so it has been linked with poor oxygen delivery to cells.  In children this leads to an ability to think clearly and concentrate.  When calcium is displaced, it causes osteoporosis.  When selenium is displaced it compromises important detox enzymes and can reduce activation of thyroid hormones.
 
Pesticides have a strong link to insulin resistance and low thyroid function.(4,5) Many are classified as xenoestrogens--chemicals with an estrogen-like effect in the body and thus are related to hormonal-linked cancers, sex determination, fertility, and reproduction. Plastic chemicals such as BPA have a strong affinity for human estrogen receptors and can interfere with hormonal balance possibly affecting the development of the fetal nervous system.(6) BPA is also linked with insulin resistance and may alter brain function and mood.
 
So what can you do to help prevent these problems?  With things like BPA, it is important to avoid exposure as much as possible, looking for BPA free plastic products.   However, for unavoidable exposures, to get the best cleanse possible, a course in Detox 101 is in order.  It's important to know which part of the body is doing this work so that the right area gets addressed--after all, if you wanted to change the oil in your car, you wouldn't start with the exhaust system, would you? The main organ of detoxification is the liver and not the colon, so that is the main organ to support!  Other organs of elimination including the kidneys, lungs, skin and lymph and can also be addressed in a detox protocol.  So let's start with the liver, the "big gun" of detoxification.
 
The liver detoxifies in two phases.

Phase I is made up of a network of over 50 enzymes, called cytochrome P450 enzymes, each of which require certain nutrients.  Phase I enzymes make toxins more water-soluble by oxidizing them.  The substances produced by Phase I detox are called intermediates and they await further processing by Phase 2 detoxification.  Phase I enzymes create a lot of free radicals, which can cause much damage if the body doesn't have enough antioxidant supplies to neutralize them.
 
In Phase 2, Phase 1 intermediates are bound with compounds that allow final elimination from the body via bile or urine; these are called the conjugation pathways. There are several things that can limit them including a lack of the compounds that are bound to the intermediates, like sulfur and glutathione.  In addition, some prescription or over the counter drugs like ibuprofen can, in effect, hog up glutathione slowing down Phase 2 detox.  
 
The most important thing is that the body gets plenty of substances that support both detox phases.  But the balance of Phase I and 2 is also extremely important, primarily because many Phase I intermediates are even more toxic than the original substances. So you don't want them building up.  People who have an imbalance in Phase 1 and Phase 2 detox can develop real problems.    It can cause them to feel ill and they may have bad or unusual reactions to medications or supplements, extreme sensitivity to caffeine and/or multiple chemical sensitivities.   This is called being a "pathological (slow) detoxifier.
 
Many people think that fasting actually helps detoxification, but in reality it slows down the cytochrome P450 enzymes.  Grapefruit juice is another inhibitor of phase I enzymes and medication labels warn us not to consume it with certain medications because doing so can cause unintentional drug overdose.(7)
 
Both phases of liver detox use many nutrients and compounds, which we can get from foods.  For example, limonene from lemons and sulfur from vegetables like onions, garlic, broccoli, leeks all help with Phase 2 detoxification.  Eating foods high in glutathione, like watermelon, walnuts and asparagus supports Phase 2 detox. The herb cilantro has also been shown to help detoxify mercury from the body, so it is great to try to eat it regularly.  And supporting detox is the biggest reason we at LMI recommend eating organic foods - it is a way to reduce the amount of pesticides your body will have to deal with.
 
So how do you best support detox in the body?  Eat organic foods as much as possible and eat a diet high in the foods that contain detox nutrients mentioned above.  Keeping your intestinal lining in good health is also important; the most important measure to take is to prevent yeast overgrowth. These organisms produce their own toxins, which damage the intestinal cells and break down that barrier that keeps many toxins from entering the bloodstream to begin with.  You can do this by taking a good probiotic, eating fermented foods such as sauerkraut and goat's milk kefir, and eating a low sugar high fiber diet.
 
Besides diet and supplements, we can support other organs of detox including skin, lungs, and kidneys. Skin brushing can aid detox through the skin.  In addition working up a good sweat with regular daily exercise and/or saunas can help with the elimination of toxins that store up in fat cells. It's also important to drink plenty of water.  And finally, we recommend using supplements that support detox by supplying more of the raw materials that support detox pathways in the liver. A few key supplements that have studies to prove their ability to support detox and which can be taken on a daily basis are: aged garlic, sulforaphane (SGS), milk thistle, alpha lipoic acid and selenium. N-acetyl cysteine is another which replenishes glutathione in the liver and  kidneys.
 
Colon cleanses may be somewhat helpful for detox in people who are chronically constipated, because the longer pesticide residues or other toxins from foods stay in our intestinal tract, the more potential for toxins to be absorbed.  However, herbal laxatives are not a long-term solution.  Probiotics and magnesium along with increased water, fiber and exercise are usually the answer to chronic constipation.
 
These are easy measures, but they are REAL ways you can help your body detoxify. 
 
 

References:
 
1.Galanis A, et al. Metal-induced carcinogenesis, oxidative stress and hypoxia signalling. Mutat Res. 2008 Oct 30 [Epub ahead of print.]
2.Flora S. et al. Heavy metal induced oxidative stress & its possible reversal by chelation therapy.Indian J Med Res. 2008 Oct; 128(4):501-23
3.Centers for Disease Control (CDC). www.CDC.gov/niosh/topics/arsenic/ 
4.Lee DH, et al.Relationship between serum concentrations of persistent organic pollutants and the prevalence of metabolic syndrome among non-diabetic adults: results from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1999-2002. Diabetologia. 2007. Sep;50(9):1841-51. Epub 2007 Jul 12.
5.Santini F, et al. Thyroid function and exposure to styrene. Thyroid. 2008 Oct; 18(10):1065-9.
6.Okada H, et al. Direct evidence revealing structural elements essential for the high binding ability of bisphenol A to human estrogen-related receptor-gamma.Environ Health Perspect. Jan 2008.116(1):32-38.
7.Uesawa Y, et al. Drug interaction potentials among different brands of grapefruit juice. Pharmazie. 2008; Feb;63(2):144-6


Greetings!

Welcome.  We hope you find our new newsletter a valuable source of information that will help you in your journey to improved health and well-being. For further information we invite you to visit the LaValle Metabolic Institute.


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Factors Affecting Liver Detox Phases 


Factors that Speed Up Phase I (not always desirable)

Alcohol, Caffeine, Nicotine
Herbs -
St. Johns's Wort, Schisandra,
Drugs -
Sulfa Drugs, Steroids,
Barbituates


Factors that Slow Down Phase I (not desirable)

Prescription Drugs
-Antidepressants
-Antihistamines
-H2 Blockers
Trans Fats, Oral Contraceptives, Grapefruit juice, Iron Overload
.

Factors that Speed Up Phase II (always desirable)

Sulfur-containing foods
-Cruciferous vegetables
-Garlic
-Onions
-Leeks

High cysteine proteins
-Whey
-Eggs

Limonene (from lemons), Milk thistle

Factors that Slow Down Phase II (never desirable)

Low protein diets,
Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs,
Increased demand.



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