A Lodge Education Program
ABE LINCOLN'S AX
by Jim Tresner, Editor, Oklahoma Mason
The story is told of a historian recording folk history in Illinois in the 1970s. Several people in the countryside had told him of a farm family, which had the ax Abraham Lincoln used when splitting logs for a living as a young man.
The historian finally located the farm, and found the farmer in the yard splitting wood for a living room fireplace. He asked him about the story.
"Yes," said the farmer, "It's true. Abe Lincoln lived around here as a young man and he worked for a while splitting wood for my great-great-grandfather. Happened he'd bought a new ax from a peddler the day before Abe Lincoln came to work here,and he gave it to Lincoln to use. We've kept it ever since."
"That's a real historical treasure," said the historian. "It really ought to be in a museum. Would you mind going into the house and bringing it out so I could see it?"
"Oh, we know it's important," said the farmer. "I take it to the school from time to time and tell the kids about it and Lincoln. Seems to sorta make him real for them. But I don't have to go into the house, I've got it right here."
He handed the horrified historian the ax he had been using.
"You mean you're still using it?"
"Sure thing, an ax is meant to be used."
The historian looked it over carefully. "I must say, your family has certainly taken good care of it."
"Sure, we know we're protecting history. Why, we've replaced the handle twice and the head once."
In many ways, Masonry is like Abe Lincoln's ax. All of us tend to assume that Masonry has always been the way it was when we joined. We have become fiercely protective of it in that form.
In fact, we've done more than replace the handle twice and the head once.
For example, when Brothers George Washington, Benjamin Franklin and Paul Revere (and other Masons of their era and for decades to come) joined the fraternity, they did not demonstrate proficiency by memorizing categorical lectures.
Instead, the same evening they received a degree they sat around a table with other brethren of the lodge and asked each other questions and answered them for the instruction of the new Brother. They asked him questions and helped him with the answers.
The discussion continued until they were confident that he understood the lessons of the degree. They then taught him the signs and tokens, and he was proficient. In many-cases, he took the next degree the next night.
The custom of allowing 28 days to pass between degrees came about for no other reason than the fact that most lodges met every 28 days, on the nights of the full moon. There was no mystery behind that, very few horses come equipped with headlights, and only on nights of a full moon could people see well enough to leave their homes in the country and come into town for a meeting safely.
As to other changes, for instance, the names of the three ruffians have changed at least three times since the Master Mason Degree was created around 1727.
More importantly, the nature and purpose of the fraternity has changed radically over time. It certainly is no longer a protective trade association, nor a political force amounting almost to a political party, but it has been those over its long history.
So, yes, Masonry changes. It changes fairly frequently and sometimes dramatically. Far from being a bastion of conservative resistance to fostering revolutions in political life (the American revolution, for example) and social life.
It created homes for the elderly and orphanages, and then worked for the sort of social legislation to make those widespread. It sought economic development for states and communities. Until the late 1940s and 50s, it was one of the most potent forces for change in America.
And Masonry is like Abe Lincoln's ax in another way. For,although the handle and head had been replaced, that ax was still used by the Abe Lincoln in truth if not in fact.
The farmer used the ax to teach. He told children about it and about Abe Lincoln. He helped make the past real to them so that they could learn the great values of honesty and hard work, which Lincoln typified so well.
It's the same with Masonry. In spite of the many changes which have already happened and the changes which are bound to happen in the future (Masonry, like any living thing, must change and grow, or die) it is still the same.
It's essence -- the lessons it teaches, the difference it makes in the lives of men, that great moment of transformation which is the
