IFPDA - International Fine Print Dealers Association
Welcome to our e-newsletter! Out of the Frame is for anyone who wants to enhance their knowledge of prints and editions. In this inaugural issue, art critic Catherine Bindman talks to curator Elizabeth Wyckoff about the excitement of finding a rare work and its role in an important exhibition. Over the next issues, we'll talk to collectors, artists, curators, and dealers about a wide range of issues "out of the frame" that should reveal more about what's in the frame. We hope you enjoy it!
 
Diane Villani
President
International Fine Print Dealers Association

Hirschvogel Full
Curator's Choice:
The Massacre of the Innocents 
When a composite etching, printed from three plates on three joined sheets, The Massacre of the Innocents by Augustin Hirschvogel, was recently offered by a New York dealer to the Davis Museum and Cultural Center at Wellesley College, Elizabeth Wyckoff, the museum's prints and drawings curator, recognized it as a rare opportunity. There had not been a complete version of this print on the market in the twenty-two years since this same very fine and richly inked impression was sold at Christie's famous Chatsworth sale in London. But the print also represented an ideal addition to a show titled Grand Scale: Monumental Prints in the Age of Dürer and Titian that opened at the Davis Center in March. It closed there in June but it travels to the Yale University Art Gallery in September and to the Philadelphia Museum of Art early next year and will include prints ranging in scale from this one (29.2 x 51.9 cm), to the major mural ensemble, The Triumphal Arch (1515) produced by Dürer's workshop in Nuremberg.
 
Grand Scale had already been several years in the making by the time Wyckoff was appointed the museum's first official prints and drawings curator in 2004 (she is now also assistant director of the museum) and she has been working on it solidly with guest curator Larry Silver and David Mickenberg, the museum's director, ever since. The last exhibition to address large-scale prints of the Renaissance was as long ago as 1976 at the Herzog Anton Ulrich Museum in Braunschweig, a show with an overall emphasis on German woodcuts. But, says, Wyckoff, "Larry began to realize as he developed the idea for Grand Scale that there were oversize and composite intaglio prints to consider, too." Silver's aim was to expand the framework beyond woodcut panoramas, processionals, and decorative prints to include more of the multi-plate etchings and engravings that emerged in Italy and the Netherlands, especially in the second half of the sixteenth century.
Hirschvogel Detail

A large etching like the Hirschvogel, although German rather than Italian or Netherlandish, seemed to amply reflect some of the key ambitions of the new show. The increasing use of etching and engraving for large-scale prints in the mid-sixteenth century "shifts the large print concept away from the decorative and informational towards more painterly printed images," says Wyckoff. Apart from Titian's woodcuts, which are exceptional in this genre, as she points out, intaglio techniques allow the printmaker to create a finer, more detailed image with metal tools and plates. Wyckoff admits that the new acquisition is not an obvious example of the pure Danube School landscapes for which the artist is best known. But with its biblical subject matter and classically modeled figures, the Hirschvogel represents some of the painterly visions of the makers of grand-scale intaglio prints of this period.

Further, as Wyckoff points out, prints entering the Davis collection have to work hard; the Hirschvogel could not be justified simply as an exhibition piece. The center's holdings of some 4,700 prints represent what she calls "a micro-encyclopedic collection" and she is intensely conscious of the teaching function of the material, which must serve the multifarious academic needs not only of the art-history department at Wellesley but also of the studio art and religion departments, among others. As it happens, the Hirschvogel is not only the museum's first print by the artist, but also its first German etching of the key period in the mid-sixteenth century. 

"These large-scale prints were probably made in large numbers," says Wyckoff, "but relatively few still exist, since if they were used as they were intended to be, they did not usually survive."  By definition, the earliest prints of this kind are those most likely to have been pasted onto walls in a variety of religious and domestic settings -- and are therefore least likely to have survived intact or at all. In addition, the question of how large or complex composites were originally put together (and at what date a particular impression was actually assembled) is not always easily answered (although this was not the case with the Hirschvogel because it comprised only three sheets). 

Another conundrum facing curators is what to do when, as is frequently the case, the only available example of a particular early large-scale print exists in a much later impression, reprinted often decades or centuries after the artist's lifetime, and thus reflecting deterioration in the block or plate (and none of the "aura" of the artist's direct intervention). "Often an eighteenth- or nineteenth-century impression is the only choice you have," says Wyckoff. These later impressions can nonetheless be valuable not only for aesthetic and documentary reasons but also as evidence of a continuing interest in certain images. 

And while Grand Scale will thus consist largely of what Wyckoff describes as "noble ruins," survivors, like many early prints, of their chiefly functional status, the Hirschvogel is in remarkably good shape. Consequently, it is well placed to fulfill its numerous roles in the museum's print collection long after the show has moved on.

Catherine Bindman

Grand Scale: Monumental Prints in the Age of Dürer and Titian
Yale University Art Gallery
New Haven, Connecticut
September 9 - November 30, 2008

Philidelphia Museum of Art
Philidelphia, Pennsylvania
January 31 - April 26, 2009


Image caption: Augustin Hirschvogel (Nuremberg 1503-Vienna 1553), The Massacre of the Innocents, 1545 etching printed from three plates, 292 x 519 mm, Davis Museum and Cultural Center, Museum purchase, The Dorothy Johnston Towne (Class of 1923) Fund, 2007.99.

Out of the Frame
  JULY 2008 / ISSUE NO. 1
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Davis Museum and Cultural Center


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