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Fundamentals of Real Time Spectrum Analysis
|  As RF signals have become ubiquitous in the modern world, so too have problems with interference between the devices that generate them. Products such as mobile phones that operate in licensed spectrum must be designed not to transmit RF power into adjacent frequency channels and cause interference. This is especially challenging for complex multi-standard devices that switch between different modes of transmission and maintain simultaneous links to differentnetwork elements. Devices that operate in unlicensed frequency bands must be designed to function properly in the presence of interfering signals, and are legally required to transmit in short bursts at low power levels. These new digital RF technologies that involve the combination of computers and RF include wireless LANs, cellular phones, digital TV, RFID and others. These, combined with new advances in Software Defined Radio (SDR) and Cognitive Radio (CR) provide a new path forward and will fundamentally change spectrum allocation methodologies resulting in increased efficiency in the way that the RF spectrum, one of the scarcest commodities, is utilized.
To overcome these evolving challenges, it is crucial for today's engineers and scientists to be able to reliably detect and characterize RF signals that change over time, something not easily done with traditional measurement tools. To address these problems, Tektronix has designed the Real-Time Spectrum Analyzer (RSA), an instrument that can discover elusive effects in RF signals, trigger on those effects, seamlessly capture them into memory, and analyze them in the frequency, time, modulation, statistical and code domains. Click here to continue reading this application note. |
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What IEEE 1588 Means for Your Next T&M System Design
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 Timing and synchronization are crucial in building test and measurement (T&M) systems, which makes the IEEE 1588 Precision Time Protocol's ease of
use and high performance especially attractive to system designers. This white paper offers an overview of the benefits IEEE 1588 brings to T&M systems,
especially when paired with LXI Class B instrument capabilities, and illustrates
how these capabilities can be integrated into instruments that can serve as
powerful building blocks for creating high performance test systems.
IEEE 1588 Overview
IEEE 1588 specifies a Precision Time Protocol (PTP) that may be used to synchronize clocks in a T&M system. When a T&M system implements PTP, each instrument, computer, or other controller in the system contains a clock. PTP allows synchronizing all these clocks and keeping them synchronized. PTP requires data communications between all devices; in T&M systems, this is typically implemented using Ethernet LAN. Other time synchronization
methods have been used in T&M applications, including Network Time Protocol (NTP), Global Positioning Satellite (GPS) based systems, and hardwired distribution of reference oscillator signals. However, when compared with these alternatives, IEEE 1588-based systems provide more precise and accurate synchronization while offering the benefits of standard Ethernet LAN networking connections. Also, there are signs that IEEE 1588 will become widely used outside the T&M industry, leading to wider availability and lower costs for IEEE 1588 systems based on greater economies of scale. Click here to continue reading.
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Refresh Your Test Equipment
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 Trade in and SAVE 15%
Act Now! Offer Ends December 31, 2011
Now is the perfect time to refresh your test equipment, with the latest generation of industry-leading Tektronix products - designed to deliver impeccable performance every time. For a limited time, youcan trade-in any working oscilloscope, signal generator or frequency/counter timer for a new Tektronix model and save 15%. Hurry, offer ends December 31, 2011.
Click here for more info
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