When your pet has an emergency, being prepared is very important.
Before an emergency strikes, be sure you know how your veterinarian
handles emergencies or where you should go if you have one. For example,
some veterinarians always have someone on call, while others use
special emergency hospitals for things that arise after hours.
AAHA-accredited hospitals are required to provide 24-hour-a-day
emergency care in one way or another. You can also stay prepared for
emergencies by putting together a first aid kit.
We cannot stress enough that you SHOULD NOT get
on-line during a pet emergency or when your pet is seriously ill. In an
emergency, first aid is not a substitute for veterinary treatment.
However, before you are able to get your pet to a veterinarian, knowing
some basic first aid can help. Always seek veterinary care following
first-aid attempts.
Bite Wounds
Approach the pet carefully to avoid getting bitten. Muzzle the
animal. Check the wound for contamination or debris. If significant
debris is present, then clean the wound with large amounts of saline or
balanced electrolyte solution. If these are not available, then regular
water may be used. Wrap large open wounds to keep them clean. Apply
pressure to profusely bleeding wounds. Do not use a tourniquet. Wear
gloves when possible.
Bite wounds often become infected and need professional care. Call
your veterinarian.
Bleeding
Apply firm, direct pressure over the bleeding area until the bleeding
stops. Hold the pressure for at least 10 straight minutes (continually
releasing the pressure to check the wound will hamper the clotting).
Avoid bandages that cut off circulation.
Call your veterinarian immediately.
Breathing Stops
Check to see if the animal is choking on a foreign object. If an
animal is not breathing, place it on a firm surface with its left side
up. Check for a heartbeat by listening at the area where the elbow
touches the chest. If you hear a heartbeat but not breathing, close the
animal's mouth and breathe directly into its nose--not the mouth--until
the chest expands. Repeat 12 to 15 times per minute. If there is no
pulse, apply heart massage at the same time. The heart is located in the
lower half of the chest, behind the elbow of the front left leg. Place
one hand below the heart to support the chest. Place other hand over the
heart and compress gently. To massage the hearts of cats and other tiny
pets, compress the chest with the thumb and forefingers of one hand.
Apply heart massage 80-120 times per minute for larger animals and
100-150 per minute for smaller ones. Alternate heart massage with
breathing.
Please note: Even in the hands of well-trained veterinary health
professionals, the success of resuscitation is very low overall. Success
may be slightly higher in the cases of drowning or electrical shock.
Call your veterinarian immediately.
Burns
(Chemical, electrical, or heat including from a heating pad) Symptoms:
singed hair, blistering, swelling, redness of skin. Flush the burn
immediately with large amounts of cool, running water. Apply an ice pack
for 15-20 minutes. Do not place an ice pack directly on the skin. Wrap
the pack in a light towel or other cover. If the animal has large
quantities of dry chemicals on its skin, brush them off. Water may
activate some dry chemicals.
Call your veterinarian immediately.
Choking
Symptoms include difficulty breathing, excessive pawing at the mouth,
blue lips and tongue. Be sure to protect yourself as well as the
animal, as the pet will likely be frantic and may be more likely to
bite. If the pet can still partially breathe, it's best to keep the
animal calm and get to a veterinarian as quickly as possible. Look into
the mouth to see if foreign object in throat is visible. If you can,
clear the airway by removing the object with pliers or tweezers, being
careful not to push it farther down the throat. If it is lodged too deep
or if the pet collapses, then place your hands on both sides of the
animal's rib cage and apply firm, quick pressure. Or place the animal on
its side and strike the side of the rib cage firmly with the palm of
your hand three or four times. Repeat this procedure until the object is
dislodged or you arrive at the veterinarian's office.
Call your veterinarian immediately.
Diarrhea
Withhold food for 12-24 hours, but not water. Sometimes pets that
appear to be straining are sore from diarrhea rather than from
constipation. Your veterinarian can help you decide which it is and what
will help. Trying at-home treatments without knowing the real cause can
just make things worse.
Call your veterinarian.
Fractures
Symptoms include pain, inability to use a limb, or limb at odd angle.
Muzzle the pet and look for bleeding. If you can control bleeding
without causing more injury, then do so. Watch for signs of shock. DO
NOT TRY TO SET THE FRACTURE by pulling or tugging on the limb.
Transport the pet to the veterinarian immediately, supporting the
injured part as best you can.
Heatstroke
Symptoms include rapid or labored breathing, vomiting, high body
temperature, collapse. Place the animal in a tub of cool water. Or,
gently soak the animal with a garden hose or wrap it in a cool, wet
towel. Do not overcool the animal. Stop cooling when rectal temperature
reaches 103 degrees Fahrenheit.
Call veterinarian immediately.
Poisoning
Symptoms include vomiting, convulsions, diarrhea, salivation,
weakness, depression, pain. Record what the pet ingested and how much.
Immediately call your veterinarian or poison control center. Do not
induce vomiting. In case of toxins or chemicals on the skin from oils,
paints, insecticides and other contact irritants, request directions on
if and how to wash the toxin off.
Seizures
Symptoms include salivation, loss of control of urine or stool,
violent muscle twitching, loss of consciousness. Move the pet away from
any objects that could be harmful during the seizure. Use a blanket for
padding and protection. Do not put yourself at risk by restraining the
pet during the seizure. Time the seizure. They usually last only 2 to 3
minutes. Afterwards, keep the animal calm and quiet.
Call your veterinarian immediately.
Shock
Symptoms include irregular breathing, dilated pupils. Shock may occur
as a result of a serious injury or fright. Keep the animal gently
restrained, quiet, and warm, with the lower body elevated.
Call your veterinarian immediately.
Vomiting
Withhold food for 12-24 hours. Give the pet ice cubes for two hours
after vomiting stops, then slowly increase the amount of water and foods
given over a 24-hour period.
Call your veterinarian.
If you need to muzzle your pet use a strip of soft cloth, rope,
necktie, or nylon stocking. Wrap around the nose, under the chin and tie
behind the ears. Care must be taken when handling weak or injured pets.
Even normally docile pets will bite when in pain. Allow the pet to pant
after handling by loosening or removing the muzzle. Do not use a muzzle
in a case of vomiting. Cats and small pets may be difficult to muzzle. A
towel placed around the head will help control small pets.
If your pet can't walk A door, board, blanket, or floor mat can be
used as a stretcher to transport injured or weak animals.
If your pet's emergency is not covered here, please call your
veterinarian immediately. If you are away from home, you can find a
veterinarian near you by using the AAHA-accredited
hospital directory.
Click
here for instructive videos by the Cornell Feline Health Center on
giving your cat a pill, capsule or liquid medication.