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PEACE & SECURITY REPORT
IPSI's Peace & Security Report (PSR) is a concise weekly e-publication intended to brief busy students, academics, advocates, and practitioners in the conflict management community on pertinent global news, events, and trends.  Meticulously researched and written by IPSI, the PSR empowers us all to take a step back from our immediate deadlines each Friday and gain a greater understanding of the week's global events.
Featured Article 

Steps of the Devil: Denial of Women's and Girls' Rights to Sport in Saudi Arabia 

Human Rights Watch

 

IPSI Featured Article ImageThis report documents discrimination by Saudi Arabia's Ministry of Education in denying girls physical education in state schools, as well as discriminatory practices by the General Presidency for Youth Welfare, a youth and sports ministry, in licensing women's gyms and supporting only all-male sports clubs. The National Olympic Committee of Saudi Arabia also has no programs for women athletes and has not fielded women in past Olympic Games.

In its interviews with Saudi women and international sporting officials, the report found that Saudi government restrictions put athletics beyond the reach of almost all women. There is no government sports infrastructure for women, with all designated buildings, sport clubs, courses, expert trainers, and referees limited exclusively to men. The ban on women's private, for-fee sports clubs has forced women to restrict themselves to fitness gyms that rarely feature swimming pools, a running track, or playing fields for team sports. Membership fees there are beyond the means of many ordinary Saudi women and girls. Official sporting bodies hold no competitive sports for Saudi women athletes in the kingdom and do not support Saudi sportswomen in regional or international competitions. 
Africa
ETHIOPIA: Ogaden community seeks abuse inquiry
On Tuesday, members of the Ethiopian Ogaden Somali diaspora in South Africa lodged a complaint with the International Criminal Court (ICC) and South Africa's top prosecutor, urging an investigation into the actions of the Ethiopian government against the Ogaden people in eastern Ethiopia. The 700 page complaint reportedly includes evidence of extrajudicial killings, arbitrary detention, rape, torture, disappearances, and other crimes. The Somali-speaking Ogaden region in eastern Ethiopia, bordering Kenya, Djibouti, and Somalia, is a primary source of tension between the Ethiopian and fledgling Somali governments. Comment: Separatist activity has plagued the region since Ethiopia gained the territory in 1954. Since 1984, armed resistance has mainly originated from the Ogaden National Liberation Front (ONLF), which the Ethiopian government has designated a terrorist group. Rights groups say the Ethiopian government has used a 2009 anti-terrorism law to silence its opponents and control the press. In December last year, an Ethiopian court sentenced two Swedish journalists to 11 years in prison for supporting terrorism after they were arrested in the company of rebels. (Al Jazeera, Sudan Tribune, Voice of America)

NIGERIA: Bombing suspect recaptured
Last Friday, police rearrested Boko Haram bombing suspect Kabiru Sokoto in the eastern state of Taraba, bordering Cameroon. Police first arrested Sokoto on January 17, although he escaped en route from police headquarters to his home in Abaji -- outside Abuja -- when police vehicles came under fire. Police named Sokoto as the prime suspect in the Christmas Day bomb attack of St. Theresa Catholic church in Madalla on December 25 last year which killed 37 people and left 57 wounded. Comment: Analysts suspect collusion between security officials and Boko Haram. Sokoto's escape was described by security sources as "unusual and suspicious," prompting President Goodluck Jonathan to fire the chief of police and his six subordinates. (Al Jazeera, BBC, The Guardian)

ZIMBABWE: NGOs suspended
On Wednesday, 29 NGOs, including Care International, were suspended in the Masvingo province after apparently failing to submit the required paperwork to local provincial officials. Zimbabwean regulations require all NGOs to register with the Labor and Social Welfare Ministry and with local authorities in the outlying provinces. A report by the governing Zimbabwe African National Union - Patriotic Front (ZANU-PF) party's central committee claims that some of the 2,500 NGOs operating in Zimbabwe are pushing a "regime change" agenda. Comment: President Robert Mugabe wants parliamentary and presidential elections moved up to this year, despite the 2008 power-sharing agreement with Prime Minister Morgan Tsvangirai's Movement for Democratic Change (MDC-T). The agreement stipulates that they would not be held until 2013, after a new constitution had been put in place. Observers are concerned that the crackdown is a political move that will complicate assistance and hamper election monitoring. (Reuters, New Zimbabwe, IRIN) 
 
Researched/Written by  James Asuquo-Brown III
Americas
HONDURAS: Prison fire kills hundreds
358 inmates were killed Tuesday after a massive prison fire broke out in the city of Comayagua, located 100 km north of the capital Tegucigalpa; the prison housed approximately 856 inmates, double its official capacity. According to survivors and prison officials, within minutes the fire had spread throughout cells, requiring about an hour for the flames to be controlled. Overcrowding of cells and misplaced prison keys are believed to be primary factors that prevented the rescue of inmates. President Lobo suspended the director of the prison and head of the national prison system, and a full investigation is underway. While no official cause of the fire has been found, officials speculate it was caused by a prisoner setting fire to a mattress or a short-circuit in the electrical system. Comment: In 2010, officials declared the Honduran prison system in a state of emergency; safety standards and overcrowding have long plagued Honduras' 24 prisons, which house nearly 13,000 inmates in structures built for 8,000. According to officials, nine of the prison facilities do not meet the minimum standards for a prison. A 2003 riot left 68 inmates dead, and more than 100 prisoners were killed in a prison fire in 2004. (Al Jazeera, BBC, NY Times)

MEXICO: Arrest of major drug supplier a success for police
Mexican Federal Police arrested Jaime Herrera on Monday, dealing a critical blow to Mexico's cartel infrastructure. Herrera, who possessed USD two million worth of methamphetamine at the time of his arrest, is believed to be one of the main producers of the drug for the notorious Sinaloa cartel responsible for smuggling heroin and other drugs into the United States. The cartel's leader, Joaquín "El Chapo" Guzmán, is Mexico's most wanted criminal, and the capture of Herrera is expected to provide information about the cartel and its leadership. Comment: Herrera is wanted in the United States under several criminal counts for crimes committed as far back as 1996. Under the Calderón administration, the Mexican government is emphasizing the capture of high-ranking criminals in its war on drugs. Since 2009 the government claims 22 of the 37 highest priority criminals have been killed or captured. (NY Times, Reuters, CNN)

VENEZUELA: High court orders documents, opposition refuses
Venezuela's Supreme Court on Tuesday ordered the release of the names of the nearly three million primary voters who participated in the opposition's primary election on Sunday. Capturing a majority of primary votes, Henrique Capriles Radonski is expected to be the opposition's candidate to run against President Chávez in October's general election. Democratic Unity, the main opposition coalition that oversaw the primary, refused the court's demands, noting that voter sign-in books have been burned to protect the identity of voters against government inquiries. During a National Assembly event, Chávez openly criticized the opposition for refusal to adhere to the court's order. Comment: In 2004, efforts to place a referendum on the ballot to remove Chávez from office resulted in opposition groups releasing the signatures of more than three million voters to election authorities. A pro-Chávez legislator posted the names online, resulting in the "blacklisting" of supporters of the referendum. (CNN, BBC, NY Times)

Researched/Written by Melissa Mahfouz
East Asia

CHINA: Vice-President Xi Jinping visits the U.S.

On February 14, Vice President Xi arrived in Washington to begin a series of critical talks with President Obama and other top officials. Topics said to be discussed were a variety of issues currently straining relations between the two superpowers, such as preventing Iran and North Korea from obtaining nuclear weapons, policing of intellectual property in China, as well as human rights. Aside from these issues, tensions between the two countries have recently been strained due to China's UN Security Council vote blocking stronger sanctions on Syria. Comment: Xi's visit holds major significance as he is the presumptive heir to current president Hu Jintao. Analysts view his visit as a meet and greet aimed at strengthening trust and bilateral relations before the 58 year-old communist party veteran takes power by the end of this year. (USAT, BBC, LAT)

JAPAN: Nuclear Safety Chief says standards are ineffective
On February 15, Japan's nuclear safety chief, Haruki Madarame, stated that the country's nuclear regulations are ineffective, obsolete, and below global standards. In March 2011, a massive earthquake and resulting tsunami compromised the Fukushima nuclear plant, the fallout from which forced the evacuation of nearly 100,000 people from their homes and contamination of a sizeable area of northeastern Japan. Public reaction has since put pressure on the government to explain why warnings about the plant's safety went unchecked and global safety standards were ignored, especially since officials' touted nuclear energy as the country's most efficient source of electricity. Comment: Madarame said "The root of the problem lies in the fact that, when other countries implement changes, Japan spends time making excuses as to why we don't have to follow." The Fukushima disaster is hailed as the worst atomic disaster since the Chernobyl reactor exploded in 1986. (CBS, BB, NY Times)

THAILAND: Possible Iranian link to bombings in Bangkok
On February 15, Thai officials revealed possible evidence linking Iran to Tuesday's bombings in Bangkok and those attempted earlier this week in New Delhi and Tbilisi. A senior security official noted that the explosives used in India and Thailand both possessed the same "magnetic sheets." Three suspects, one carrying an Iranian passport, have been arrested in connection with the blasts in Thailand. One of the suspects lost a leg in an explosion; his was the only injury resulting from the three blasts on Tuesday. Senior security officials suggested, without going into explicit detail, that these bomb plots may have been aimed at Israeli diplomats and interests in Thailand. Comment: Tehran has denied involvement in Tuesday's bombings, stating Israel is attempting to further heighten tensions between Iran and the international community. Israel believes these attacks may be retaliation for alleged covert assassinations of Iranian nuclear scientists. (Telegraph, JP, NP, CNN)  

 

Researched/Written by Jared O. Bell

Europe & Central Asia
GREECE: Austerity plan signed by Greece amid EU doubts
Eurozone finance ministers met Wednesday to discuss Greece's progress toward managing its growing debt. The Greek parliament came to agreement on Sunday on a series of austerity measures, but the Eurozone finance ministers are requiring a further EUR 325 million in cuts before granting Greece a EUR 130 billion bailout. The ministers have set next Monday as the new deadline for Greece to finalize all budget cuts. Comment: Greek Finance Minister Evangelos Venizelos made statements accusing the Eurozone of trying to expel Greece. European ministers claim that the tough requirements are being put into place because they need to see legal guarantees that the Greek government is fully committed to the austerity measures. (Reuters, Guardian, BBC)

KOSOVO: Ethnic Serbs vote in referendum on government legitimacy
Ethnic Serbs from four municipalities in Northern Kosovo voted February 14 and 15 in a referendum on whether or not to accept the legitimacy of the current national government headed by ethnic Albanians. The referendum drew criticism from the EU, the Kosovar government, and Serbia; critics see the vote as damaging to already weak Serbian-Kosovar relations and largely meaningless. Supporters of the poll want to strengthen their position that their districts should be part of Serbia. Results from the referendum are expected February 19. Comment: Serbia's bid for EU membership has faced hurdles due to the country's strained relations with Kosovo; Kosovo declared independence from Serbia in 2008, but its independence is not recognized by its northern neighbor. The EU has pushed for a settlement of the issue before allowing Serbia to be an EU member candidate. (Reuters, RFE/RL, Deutsche Welle)

TURKMENISTAN: Berdymukhamedov wins 97 percent of vote in presidential election
In an election seen as merely a front for democracy, President Kurbanguly Berdymukhamedov was reelected on Sunday, garnering 97 percent of the vote. The Turkmen leader faced seven other candidates, all from the country's only political party, the Democratic Party of Turkmenistan. Because fraudulent elections were a foregone conclusion, international election monitors did not take part, with the exception of the post-Soviet Commonwealth of Independent States, who noted few irregularities. Comment: Berdymukhamedov is the successor to independent Turkmenistan's first president, Saparmurat Niyazov, who is better known as Turkmenbashi. Niyazov was known for his cult of personality and unconventional policies, including erecting golden statues of himself, closing hospitals outside of the capital, and making it compulsory to read a book he wrote on Turkmen history and culture. Berdymukhamedov is seen as less authoritarian, although some international observers claim he is building his own cult of personality. (Guardian, BBC, RFE/RL).

Researched/Written by Kate Elci
Middle East & North Africa
BAHRAIN: Protests meet heavy police resistance on one year anniversary of democracy movement
Police blocked protests to commemorate the one year anniversary of the pro-democracy movement on Tuesday, February 14, in the capital city of Manama. Protesters attempting to march on the former Pearl Roundabout (now al-Farouq Junction) were dispersed with teargas and an estimated 30 people were arrested. The government blamed al-Wefaq, an opposition Shia party that held a government-sanctioned protest on Tuesday, from which a number of protestors allegedly came. The protesters are predominantly Shia, the majority in Bahrain, who call for an end to Sunni rule and greater representation in government. Comment: Pro-democracy protests were crushed last March by Bahraini security forces as well as troops from surrounding Gulf States. The extent of the crackdown led to a freeze in a USD 53 million arms deal until a commitment to political reforms was displayed. A number of political reforms were implemented last month by the monarchy, although protesters claim that they are insufficient to quell unrest and the U.S. has not found them satisfactory to unfreeze the transaction. (AlJazeera, BBC, Reuters)

ISRAEL: Court rejects appeal of Khader Adnan, hunger strike continues
On Monday, an Israeli military court rejected an appeal by Khader Adnan, a Palestinian prisoner who has been on hunger strike for more than eight weeks over his administrative detention. Administrative detention, in which suspects can be imprisoned without charge or access to the evidence against them, is initially set for four-to-six month periods, but can be renewed indefinitely by an Israeli court. Adnan, reputably a member of the terrorist organization Islamic Jihad, is currently in critical condition at Safed's Galilee Medical Faculty. Comment: About 20 people were injured in clashes between Israeli border police and Adnan solidarity protestors near Ofer Prison just outside Ramallah on Wednesday. Although Israel has released no statements regarding Adnan's fate, the Palestinian Authority has formally requested his release and has warned against widespread unrest in the case of his death. (JerusalemPost, AFP, EurasiaReview)

LIBYA: Amnesty International releases report condemning militias
Amnesty International released a report on Wednesday that called Libya's militias "out of control" and accused them of torturing detainees. AI visited 11 detention centers in January and February and reported instances of beatings and electric shocks to detainees, resulting in at least 12 deaths. Comment: The militias, made up of rebel soldiers instrumental in ending Gaddafi's reign, have since become unofficial security forces. Beyond running detention centers, they have been charged with targeting migrants and attacking entire villages in revenge attacks. The National Transitional Council, which took control after the capture and death of Gaddafi in October, has faced difficulties in extending control over militias and building a security apparatus that will transition militiamen into soldiers or police personnel. (WashingtonPost, CNN, Rueters)

Researched/Written by Colleen Rossmiller
South Asia
AFGHANISTAN: NATO admits killing teenage civilians
In a press conference in Kabul on Wednesday, NATO officials clarified details of the two bombings in the Kapisa province on February 8. Director of the International Security Assistance Force (ISAF) Lewis Boone said that the eight young men killed, between ages 14 and 16, appeared to be "moving ... in a tactical fashion," but local officials maintain the children were huddled around a campfire. On Monday, NATO released a statement neither affirming nor denying the accusations, but during the Wednesday NATO press conference in Kabul, commander of ISAF aerial operations Mike Wigston confirmed the deaths. The children "were not bombed because they were Taliban... [but] because we thought they were a threat," said Wigston, later calling the events a tragedy. Comment: NATO officials were not able to inspect the scene until two days after the bombing when "fragments that are believed to be weapons" were found, according to Wigston. A relative of one of the victims said the only weapon possessed by the group was an axe to cut firewood. (Telegraph, Tribune, Daily Mail, Le Monde)

MALDIVES: Leaders call for investigation into coup
Commonwealth states convened on Sunday to discuss sending three to four foreign ministers to the Maldives on February 17, and its London headquarters issued a statement declaring its commitment to "ascertain the facts surrounding the transfer of power, and to promote adherence to Commonwealth values and principles." The Commonwealth nations' nine-member Ministerial Action Group questioned the authenticity of the "transfer of power" that took place last week in Male. Many of the group's states, including Australia and the UK, have not recognized the new government, fearing the suspected Maldivian coup jeopardizes democracy and stability in the region. U.S. State Department spokeswoman Victoria Nuland said last Friday, "the circumstances surrounding the transfer of power need to be clarified," even though the U.S. has already recognized President Mohamed Waheed Hassan's government. Fresh violence throughout the island chain, including the beatings of hundreds of protestors on Sunday night, has prompted international requests for independent inquiries into the situation. Comment: Some reports suspect that the U.S. has recognized the new government because the former government, under Mohamed Nasheed, increased relations with China. It is still unclear whether the new government paid security officials to rebel against the allegedly ousted former president Nasheed. (The Australian, Huffington Post, Reuters, Minivan News)

PAKISTAN: PM Gilani denies charges of contempt
In a trial that lasted less than half an hour on Monday, Pakistani Prime Minister Yousuf Raza Gilani pleaded not guilty in response to charges of contempt of court; he faces six months in prison and disqualification from office if he is found guilty. Gilani, whose charges stem from his refusal to reopen a Swiss-based corruptions case against President Zardari, called the case "politically motivated," and his supporters emphasized that Pakistani presidents have immunity while holding office. The Prime Minister's lawyer has until February 28 to record his defense, but Gilani himself is not anticipated in court again until further notice. Comment: Supporters of Gilani fear that the Supreme Court is exercising excessive power over an elected, civilian government. Fueling this sentiment is the recent move by the Supreme Court to indict President Zardari for his alleged involvement with the Memogate scandal. Some have raised concerns that the Court is acting on behalf of the military, which has overthrown the Pakistani government numerous times. The Court, however, maintains it is merely checking corruption, and pointed to instances when it also pressed charges against the military. (Dawn, Al Jazeera, Associated Press)

Researched/Written by Tarek J. Nasser

February 17, 2012
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