A Letter From Ron Magnus, Managing Director
John Paulson, a hedge fund manager, turned the residential market fall into one of the most profitable strategic moves in history. Over the course of his career, Paulson was thought of as an unremarkable money manager, delivering solid returns on investments with limited downside. All of that changed in 2004-05 when Paulson’s instincts about the valuation of the residential housing market drove him to collect data revealing a pattern in the market few others recognized.
Sensing a potential opportunity, Paulson led his team to launch a comprehensive analysis of the housing market. At the time, it was unclear whether the rising tide of the housing market was another bubble or a sustainable structural change. The analysis of the data showed that from 1975 to 2000, housing prices appreciated at an inflation-adjusted annual rate of slightly more than 1 percent. Between the years 2000 and 2005, returns skyrocketed to more than 7 percent a year, revealing that prices would have to fall more than 40 percent to return to the historical mean.
Armed with data confirming his intuition, Paulson’s team developed comprehensive scenarios to project the impact of a decline in housing prices. The effect was startling, revealing clear evidence that the housing bubble was being held up simply by rising home prices without any of the necessary foundational support. With data revealing a pattern in the market, Paulson and his team struck – buying billions of dollars worth of contracts (the now infamous credit default swaps) against mortgage defaults. Wall Street firms readily sold these contracts to Paulson since they assumed the housing market could only continue to climb.
The story of the crash of the housing market is clear now in hindsight and Paulson’s strategy paid off in a way few investments have ever paid off in all of human history. In 2007 and 2008, Paulson’s company made more than $20 billion in profits.
While the profit numbers are hard to fathom in the traditionally low-margin construction industry and the business model is very different, there are significant lessons to learn about strategic thinking from Paulson’s story. One of which is the important distinction between true strategic thinking and opportunism. Paulson’s rigorous, fact-based approach identified a “structural hole” in the marketplace offering significant return for little risk. He also leveraged deep knowledge and insight into a particular market to create a unique and valuable opportunity. All of these are insights construction leaders can sharpen and use to become better strategic thinkers.
This issue of the Leadership ENewsletter examines strategic thinking and how it is different from the process of strategic planning.

Ron Magnus
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