
We humans need to brush and floss our teeth regularly to
keep our teeth, tongue, and gums in good condition. Given that our canine companions likewise have
teeth, it stands to reason that they require the same care.
Wolves and wild dogs are able to keep their teeth free from
plaque because they chew on raw bones. Bones scrape off plaque and help to remove
any soft meat that could get stuck between teeth and cause bacteria to grow.
Unfortunately, our domesticated friends largely eat processed kibbles and soft
food that do little to assist in the tooth cleaning process, so it is up to us
to manage our pets' oral hygiene.
Dental Dangers
If we don't take an active role in cleaning our dog's teeth
we run the risk of our pets suffering painful, expensive and potentially
life-threatening consequences. Plaque
builds up on the teeth and turns into tartar, or calculus. These areas grow
bacteria that eat away at the teeth and gums causing halitosis, periodontal
disease, oral pain and even tooth loss. Bacterial infections in the mouth can
migrate via the bloodstream to other areas in the body, including vital organs
such as the kidneys and heart, posing serious risk. The best plan of attack is
to stop dental disease before it starts or at very least address it as soon as
it is detected.
What to Look For
To avert problems that could lead to severe dental disease,
inspect your dog's teeth on a regular basis and keep an eye out for any of the
following signs:
-
Halitosis (bad
breath)
-
Reluctance to chew
or soreness when chewing
-
Increased salivation
-
Red and/or puffy
gums
-
Bleeding gums
-
Tartar or Calculus
(hard coating on teeth that is usually brown or yellow)
-
Missing and/or loose
teeth
-
Anything else about
the mouth that appears unusual
Preventing Dental Disease
Your veterinarian will check your dog's teeth as part of your pup's regular
preventative check-ups. Your vet can also perform dental cleaning under
anesthesia that includes scaling each tooth both above and below the gum line,
probing of the gums themselves and taking x-rays of the teeth to ensure the
health of the roots. However, vet visits alone are not sufficient to ensure the oral health
of your pup, so you will need to address the health of your dog's teeth on a
weekly, if not daily basis.
Regular Tooth Brushing
First, NEVER brush your dog's teeth with human toothpaste - it can make
your dog sick! Use special enzymatic toothpaste made especially for dogs. You can
purchase meat flavoured toothpaste (yum!) from your local pet store along with
a toothbrush that is suitable for canine use.
Oral Rinses
Rinses added to water can be a great way to control plaque and tartar
without the effort required by brushing. Again, never use a human Oral Rinse on
a dog.
Dental Chews
There are a variety of dental chews on the market that assist with the
blocking of tartar through enzymes while allowing the dog to 'brush' his own
teeth by chewing. Some offer breath freshening additives as well.
Meaty Bones
Last, but certainly not least, raw meat bones are nature's way of
brushing your dog's teeth. They keep teeth and gums healthy while also
providing essential nutrients. They are a high-value treat that most dogs can't
get enough of, whether added to a meal or as a meal in and of themselves. Chewing
meaty bones has the added advantage of providing exercise, mental stimulation
and stress reduction to your dog. Make sure that bones are fresh and thawed but
not cooked as they can become brittle and splinter. In addition, old, dry bones
should be discarded as they become too hard and can cause tooth breakage.